魔方又叫鲁比克方块,台湾称为魔术方块,香港称为扭计骰,最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动,玩法炫酷,来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧,这样的扮酷技能还不快来get?!
复原字母示意
复原魔方时,常常会用到各类公式,因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的,但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。
单层操作:
手拿一个魔方,对着身体这面的为前,前Front(F);后Back(B);左Left(L);右Right(R);顶Up(U);底Down(D)。
每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°,带'的则是逆时针90°,后面加个2就是180°。
如:U 顶层顺时针90°;U' 顶层逆时针90°;U2 顶层顺时针180°。
双层操作:
上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。
夹层操作:
左右夹层向下为M,与L同向;前后夹层顺时针为S,与F同向;上下夹层向右为E,与D同向。
四阶魔方特殊字母:
四阶魔方特殊字母表示,如下图。其他字母,如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°;y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°;z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。
二阶魔方复原
简介
二阶魔方(Mini Cube),中文直译叫做"口袋魔方",由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构,由8个角块构成,总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近,可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。
二阶魔方复原教程视频:【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟!】 https://b23.tv/7btcXGd
二阶复原教程
二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤,分别是:1)还原底层角块;2)还原顶面颜色;3)调整顶层角块。
说明:图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色,只用看标彩色的方块即可。
第一步:还原底层角块
假设以白色为底,其他白色块只会有5个位置,这些位置要么是对称的,要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。
1、如上图中第一种情况的调整,只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。
2、对于第二种情况,它和第一种情况是完全对称的,算法也是对称的。
针对这两种情况,可以看出:白色在右面第一下就转右面,白色在正面第一下就转正面。
3、白色在顶面的情况,如下图,只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1,或用一次F'U'变成情况2,然后按情况1或2处理就好了。
要注意:如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了,如下图,这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角,所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置,具体方法如下。
4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的,只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。
白色向前就用算法2,先转正面,(F'U'F)U(F'U'F);白色向右就用算法1,先转右面,(R U R')U'(R U R')。
照上面说的,重复做4个角块,就可以做好底层了。
第二步:还原顶面颜色
这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色,而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色,把它们留到最后一步还原。
我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置,如果只有一个黄色块在顶面,会有两种情况,可以按下面的方法解决。
情况1
情况2
它是和情况1完全对称的,算法也是对称的,非常好记。
另外还有5种情况,不用记新的算法,按照下面的位置摆好,用上面的算法就可以解决;其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块,2种情况是顶面没有黄色块,下面是具体解决方法。
观察一下,可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2,其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的,我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了,其它情况都先用一次公式2-1,再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。
第三步:还原顶层角块
这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原,完成魔方的还原,只需要记一个新的算法。
先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况,例如下面的情况1或情况2。
情况1
情况2
如果有类似于上图的情况,就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置,再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2,就可以完成还原了。
注意:如果找不到这样同色的角块,那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法,用过之后就一定能找到了,然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。
至此,二阶魔方完成复原。
三阶魔方复原
简介
通常意义下的魔方,是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱,然后在最短的时间内复原。
三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程!】 https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m
三阶复原教程
三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法,如下图。
1、复原第一层四个棱块(在底层架十字,以白色为底)
目的:使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致(如下图1)。这一步简单灵活,不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。
首先拿到一个棱块,如图,这是最基础的情况,只看白色,只要一步就能把它转到顶面。
当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候,就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。
时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏:
我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字,其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心(各面中心颜色不变)颜色对齐。方法是:手拿魔方,白色十字架面朝下,旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。
最终如下图这样子即可。
2、复原第一层四个角块
目的:要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致(如图2)。可归为五种情况,如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态,图5用公式后会变成图3形态,图6用公式后会变成图5形态,图7用公式后会变成图4形态。
关键:手拿魔方,白底十字架在下面,只看图中白色位置,只要白色方块出现图中情况,按照公式旋转即可。
具体步骤示范:
完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转,使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。
基础情况:顶层,白色指向四周。(图3、图4的情况)
在顶层白色朝右时,R U R'(图4情况,白色归位)
在顶层白色朝前时,L' U' L(图3情况,白色归位)
注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上,循环RUR'U'直至被还原。
底层角块特殊情况
角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况,都要转化为基础情况。
在顶层白色朝上时,解决办法:R U2 R',即可转为基础情况
在底层白色朝外,解决办法:R U2 R',即可转为基础情况
3、复原第二层四个棱块
目的是使第二层的四个棱归位( 第二层含四个中心块,这四个中心块是固定的,只需复原棱块即可)。可归为两种基本情况,当要复原的棱块在中层,可以先用图8或图8公式把他们转到顶层后,再用下面公式转法即可。(切记:对着图8,手拿魔方,出现图8情况,即可用图8公式。出现图9情况,即可用图9公式。)
4、顶十字(以黄色为顶,完成顶层四个棱)
俯视魔方,只看中心块和四个棱,只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况(切记:手拿魔方,顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致),均可以使用公式FRUR'U'F'在图10~图13中转换,直到出现图14形态(四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色)。
具体示范如下:
条形(图12):转动顶层,让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F',如下图。
折形(图11):朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边,做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'(FRUR'U'F'),相互抵消,故消去废步后的公式为:F ( R U R' U' ) ( R U R' U' ) F'(若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可)
点形(图10):点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。
5、完成顶面(以黄色为顶面)
俯视魔方,只看黄色方块,会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方,顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时,只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样,使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换,即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。(切记:手拿魔方时,俯视魔方,顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样,出现任何一种图中情况,用此公式即可。)
6、调整顶层4个角块位置,使其正确归位
方法一:
先调整角块位置:这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面,看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的(连在一起的相对位置正确的角块)。如果有,则将这两个角块放在右侧,做:R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'
如果四个面都没有,做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰,角块没做完先不管棱块。
再调整棱块位置:调整项层4个棱块的位置,使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类:三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。
三个棱块依次轮换,让完成的棱块朝后,观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换,如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边,对应顺时针替换:R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R',可完成复原。
前面颜色对应的棱块在左边,对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式:L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L,可完成复原。
四个棱块两两对换:如果前面步骤做完,到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对,跳过上面两个步骤,随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式:M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2',可完成复原。
方法二:个人喜欢的方法,手拿魔方,俯视魔方,观察顶层四个棱的位置,使用公式F2U' (LR')F2 (L'R)U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换,只要一个公式,整个魔方会被复原。(箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置,魔方拿法朝向没有要求,只要俯视图是下图即可,出现下列情行就用此公式,即可复原)
至此,三阶魔方复原完成。
四阶魔方复原
简介
四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的,虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多,但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定,也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置,只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。
四阶魔方总共有8个角块,24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。
四阶魔方复原教程:【四阶魔方基础还原教程(入门降阶法)】 https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a
四阶复原教程
四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路:调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方
一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方,即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态,然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。
1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块
因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块,所以在进行这个步骤之前,必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。
2、合并12条棱块
拼好魔方的六面中心块后,接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块,这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了,最终效果如下第一张图所示。
3、当拼完6面中心块和12条棱块后,把这个四阶魔方当做成三阶魔方来还原,还原进程如下图。
假如你拼到顶层发现有三阶魔方上没有遇到的情况,请看下一步。
4、调整四阶魔方的特殊情况
至此,再用三阶的玩法进行,直到完成四阶魔方的复原。
五阶魔方还原
简介
五阶魔方的还原方法和四阶魔方的还原一样,都是使用“降阶法”还原。也就是说,需要先把每一个面中心的3*3的正方形还原成各自中心块的颜色,再还原12条3*1的棱块,之后的还原方法就是三阶魔方的还原方法了。
五阶魔方复原视频教程:【五阶魔方教学入门教学篇,适合三阶降阶法玩法,一看就懂】 https://b23.tv/vFljBK0
五阶复原教程
1、还原底面中心块(以黄色中心块为例)
对于奇数阶魔方来说,还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道,如图。
然后再在中间面(除底面和顶面的四个面)上还原出3*1的一道,再移至底面,如图。
以此方法还原底面。
2、还原顶面中心块(白色)
顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。
然后再在中间面(除底面和顶面的四个面)上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道,再移至顶面(注意不要打乱底面,可用图示方法)
3、还原中间面的中心块
中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3*1的一道。
然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3*1的一道,再移至相应的中心块上,以此方式还原这个中心面。
然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面,首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3*1的一道,为避免其他面被打乱,可用图示方式。
然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3*1的一道,移至相应中心面上,为防止已还原的中心块被打乱,可用图示方式。
为防止已还原的部分被破坏,可使用下列方式:U'F'中间层RU中间层R'
最后两个面的还原,首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分(情况如之前提到所示),然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。
4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块
这一步与四阶相似,都是要先把3*1的棱块的三个小块找到,根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。
再移动中间层的面,使三个小块合成一个3*1的棱块,再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。
5、还原中间面的四大棱块
这一步使用的是四阶的公式,只是将公式稍微变形一下,具体情况如图。然后,最后会遇上特殊情况,解决方法如图。
6、至此,可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。
高阶复原要点
“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路,均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。
高阶魔方,可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方,与四阶魔方类似,因“中心块”相对位置不固定,所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置,且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤,将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”;奇数阶魔方,因“中心块”相对位置是固定的,所以“复原中心块”时较易,且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”,不需校正。
总之,只要掌握降阶法的原理,所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。
异形魔方复原
异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大,但是原理基本上相同,一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方,当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等,一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。
金字塔魔方复原
金字塔魔方属于异形魔方,在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是,金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的,一般是先预留黄色面作为底面,先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。
金字塔魔方复原视频教程:【超级简单!零基础学会金字塔魔方!】 https://b23.tv/IbSq1au
1、金字塔还原的第一步
还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”,上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示:
2、金字塔还原的第二步
金字塔底层公式:右下、左下、右上、左上
左下、右下、左上、右上
金字塔顶面公式:右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上
左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"魔方又叫鲁比克方块,台湾称为魔术方块,香港称为扭计骰,最早由匈牙利布达佩斯建筑学院鲁比克·艾尔诺教授发明。魔方竞速是一项手部极限运动,玩法炫酷,来看下各阶魔方复原教程吧,这样的扮酷技能还不快来get?!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yywQiMy2uIGy2HdkWHof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMWgKCE4ySWousC8IIIDAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复原魔方时,常常会用到各类公式,因此认识各个字母代表的意思非常重要。四阶魔方转动字母和三阶魔方转动字母是一致的,但是有一些由特殊的字母来表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6AiaQAu2G6k0yBuzAgyyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36c04761243b4f53bfadc1e490045f34","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcncUAKgs2iGYOyMzzFDVOmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单层操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQim2qEock2e2zMHTBYUzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手拿一个魔方,对着身体这面的为前,前Front(F);后Back(B);左Left(L);右Right(R);顶Up(U);底Down(D)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAk6YeKGWgo8mIy7pzjUbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个字母表示对应层顺时针旋转90°,带'的则是逆时针90°,后面加个2就是180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnacSWI0SsAQY4LCCMfwxRiS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如:U 顶层顺时针90°;U' 顶层逆时针90°;U2 顶层顺时针180°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6ikGiI2Q8G2Wgzg6YdPOd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a752cfb2b14b491aaa84b25f8a5e0a85","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnyySGOq4OE0eKkRL3OcXNwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ede3c45811e04c0dbdcd22f11d0c5407","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOogwMgm4sQwJij9qQjTc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"双层操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaae2KkQMIqSqmYpdxfdDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面六个字母小写表示双层操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYiWkGy0oaqCKDJHqr7guG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"夹层操作:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSAyoWiciYAWaOoNJVwTFRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右夹层向下为M,与L同向;前后夹层顺时针为S,与F同向;上下夹层向右为E,与D同向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOGCUkoIUSuaopWMaa0ocb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":368,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b76e675686cf4a008f3fad0e668762c9","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnWmKO8GiKCqeyO6l0tvp9ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方特殊字母:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAsskUYoyo8kM7UvOxQYgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方特殊字母表示,如下图。其他字母,如x表示魔方整体向上翻90°;y表示魔方绕竖直中轴向左转90°;z整体面对自己顺时针旋转90°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgiIY6OOiyaW08VAlYsefF"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d10b7f8bc1c4ed7a1db8e4daacda8a0","width":446},"text":"","id":"doxcnGUGeA4CqQ2m6ApNdIVhfmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复原字母示意","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ae8ad494a8149d296622be5d97e4f06","width":445},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6wQkEa8S2K4aIjUnZf26e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncY8GW406GcUswOhlgQmOW9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKWqIGWucaiCE6GCGOt7dp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方(Mini Cube),中文直译叫做"口袋魔方",由彼得·塞波斯坦尼发明。二阶魔方为2×2×2的立方体结构,由8个角块构成,总共有3674160种变化。二阶魔方结构与三阶魔方相近,可以用复原三阶魔方的公式进行复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG0KW24YGikSmCTZAc6oAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方复原教程视频:【二阶魔方教程~只要两个公式哟!】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7btcXGd","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn066WKeUy66sIIFvxH3jlye"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYwaiG8s0cQ8EQTGeMbVBWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶魔方的玩法分为三个步骤,分别是:1)还原底层角块;2)还原顶面颜色;3)调整顶层角块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SiICWs8I2ui6LOtP4TTHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"说明:图中灰色部分代表了该步骤中不相关的颜色,只用看标彩色的方块即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCa8so4OOyuuWGARUzbYr8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":560,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/906fc2333fd040d2a32df0365f53b544","width":1065},"text":"","id":"doxcniUuuMqwkEceKgpA4w7a6ve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一步:还原底层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSgs4wumgyWm21NsTrE6Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"假设以白色为底,其他白色块只会有5个位置,这些位置要么是对称的,要么很容易变成前面的位置。如下图五种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGMWIkWIASIIg1NpnTiAic"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85670d40eadd4f97a2526f8153a62e3b","width":4096},"text":"","id":"doxcnecyCikii6YWOUdaPVwB01g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、如上图中第一种情况的调整,只需要三步就可以完成了。如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAeiMqCAaGQ0SUqa96hPOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":811,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90ff91e85fa94a6a952939cca17ba732","width":1038},"text":"","id":"doxcn2ki6iUUiouK0CZXYPTsE34"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对于第二种情况,它和第一种情况是完全对称的,算法也是对称的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qcs40UcOIsSQ8bKDJhlsu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":843,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b045cb72f1e542bcb84661b509a1da89","width":1042},"text":"","id":"doxcnio8Kw0MEQuei8F8y9iy6bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"针对这两种情况,可以看出:白色在右面第一下就转右面,白色在正面第一下就转正面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OcaomquYEYMAxMiZsueVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、白色在顶面的情况,如下图,只要用一次公式RU就会变成情况1,或用一次F'U'变成情况2,然后按情况1或2处理就好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAy8u2mgm64YjY7zmbcQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/991050913a8245c9b17226c7fdd7f956","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8amKUe2KM8WMXl4ZmOkzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意:如果底层其他几个角已经还原好了,如下图,这种处理方法就会破坏已经还原好的某个角,所以要提前恢复角这个角的位置,具体方法如下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40OKs6S4uwOqCqd5LSIBzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1344,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33815796f4c147b1a7d1ac873c65f4a7","width":1058},"text":"","id":"doxcnSQYOWyUu4IwAYR1WKMvyZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、另外2种情况白色是在底层的,只要对着他们用一次算法1或算法2就可以得到情况1或2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSWweKAykceAwBkp0BGDVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":241,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ddeea9879ef047baafcf155c8a90ec9a","width":466},"text":"","id":"doxcna4Weae8eCWYSy25Bciyzbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi46giMmgmEkgjkd4tl5vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白色向前就用算法2,先转正面,(F'U'F)U(F'U'F);白色向右就用算法1,先转右面,(R U R')U'(R U R')。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnko2i0GSG8C4Y461uI5VwGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"照上面说的,重复做4个角块,就可以做好底层了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22uUuY6eWmOQsl47nnRPZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二步:还原顶面颜色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyYQYiyeAueiSYO7HrCddg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步我们要还原4个角块顶面的颜色,而先不用管顶层侧面的颜色,把它们留到最后一步还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAkuUMEGE6yQSs8SIauHff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5e16e85bab94cab8e1af60e809d45ac","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4Ga8S2gsWK88eY80RMaBah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们先观察一下顶层4个角块黄色面的位置,如果只有一个黄色块在顶面,会有两种情况,可以按下面的方法解决。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyS2wOMyksaEKs8WikXPZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2qmO4s4wsyoS0ZNN1Ryvd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3612d37e0ce4bbc98184b6abb9b8a42","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcnaS62qUWSiSqESEGu644sNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":889,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d15477e52994c4290ee54c207106ce2","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnyC0Cyqm0CMwWkPW78MZlrg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2QEeEMQK620KAcoJrFbid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c5ae0019ca24a09a94b8b7ed74c15bd","width":110},"text":"","id":"doxcn4AeqeacO2qgaMFgeUcrNje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是和情况1完全对称的,算法也是对称的,非常好记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQqEWmc8Sa0AqKUoSZnm9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":885,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61e14ab7bdf74a1ab15398863eaa1afe","width":1037},"text":"","id":"doxcnqmaAoiS0ASeCWzEjqcO7Hj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另外还有5种情况,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不用记新的算法,按照下面的位置摆好,用上面的算法就可以解决;其中3种情况是顶面有2个黄色块,2种情况是顶面没有黄色块,下面是具体解决方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQOE6AqEmSEEiMHyRy35oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":935,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0dd7ff74cfc4481fae1b19c67cf0418a","width":1063},"text":"","id":"doxcn2o6Ssmmoy0uyYlz4Fjt9be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"观察一下,可以发现除了情况6是先用公式2-2,其他几种情况都是先用公式2-1的,我们只要记住情况6的形态就好了,其它情况都先用一次公式2-1,再转转魔方的顶层就很容易得到情况1或情况2了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQW4E0kCkOQ48lkoEVpRTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三步:还原顶层角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosgYA4aoqWqUGaAZamKtCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步要将顶层4个侧面的颜色一次性复原,完成魔方的还原,只需要记一个新的算法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmu0wISw08AgSScMtPD16yb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ecc9449c7e624aea9597f09c6393d180","width":120},"text":"","id":"doxcn4o4MAOIaMMKgYRHq46O5Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先观察有没有2个相邻角块侧面颜色一样的情况,例如下面的情况1或情况2。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu06eYYeYssmuKAmjjVHsef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOSuuwkmEaUAyw3ZZTRCJVb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/555a629190c94a89be3c1b9daafd4d3c","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnO4AkU8oQG4AYk10JK90upd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"情况2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uEYYkAgKEg0IDyIwOqJke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e1ae6a1e3274f0b9438bae43c7c39a5","width":150},"text":"","id":"doxcnwWIWUwEygq80ufk1xpyWbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有类似于上图的情况,就把同色的角块旋转到正对着自己的位置,再用这个算法R B' R F2 R' B R F2 R2,就可以完成还原了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKMYSeuwCeOIYeY2jb0OyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果找不到这样同色的角块,那就对着魔方随便用一次上面的算法,用过之后就一定能找到了,然后再用一次这个算法即可还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweQCMkwwEeCsmUca9ZQuve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此,二阶魔方完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6UMOQCISc8oOe8Xt0zbZnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWOSGkiWw6UWgTzzhHvEVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8EwoIOsQgSk0wixLJ9pwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常意义下的魔方,是指狭义的三阶魔方。常规竞速玩法是将魔方打乱,然后在最短的时间内复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYc4cqokE86C2Iv749lfZh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原视频教程【三阶魔方还原基础教程!】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/DpnMj8m","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0MEa0gyS0sSwx8gJwsyic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SEKA2kIQqmcC0jfLHH68g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶魔方复原总的思路为分层法,如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AAiQG8eSGSKiiW9ygVcRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":62,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/282cc69626974fab9f123df5c8f387e9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnSk6IsEY4MW8omoc8NlTMIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、复原第一层四个棱块(在底层架十字,以白色为底)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIy4qI422kEmW8rVQJLumYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的:使底层四个棱块的侧面与四个中心面的颜色一致(如下图1)。这一步简单灵活,不需要公式。但这里也提供了动图以供参考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUWGgAIC6KWcwwZ0V2KLlof"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":142,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca2d359ba1834eeeaf89e61b84bfe28a","width":270},"text":"","id":"doxcnqYks48m4g2kSSLRXTqICpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先拿到一个棱块,如图,这是最基础的情况,只看白色,只要一步就能把它转到顶面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKEekqSEkw0wtOyH76zgC7"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9988352a6be148e883270466f4780df0","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnQkUcGcy82Kuq0iRredNNG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们遇到的情况与这个情况不同的时候,就要想办法把未解决过的问题转化为已知问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0USYkA4MqACsPchkpzUxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f099d8649fe45729c4cc5d5d319476c","width":359},"text":"","id":"doxcnC08mmY0gaMyCmGbk5aPb5b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ada9367f8194f1e884cc6bb5c7a7019","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnkSmEukSIGEemq8wLy04oKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻注意顶层完成的棱块别被破坏:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCWIM2qCusQWe2OuAzt7pb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ccc4f79d7e54c86a082b755d56ed46f","width":479},"text":"","id":"doxcnm8IKUAoQWwsugLdPhZ093g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们做十字不但要求白面有一个十字,其他面的跟白色相近的那个中心棱也要跟各面中心(各面中心颜色不变)颜色对齐。方法是:手拿魔方,白色十字架面朝下,旋转上面两层找对应各面中心颜色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4IkgA4cUgmaaCYKNsIjNU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96af7011160f4daab117cc5de1ba7b91","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniuGGe0sq2EqI0Eq5QlIpfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最终如下图这样子即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGW8UMWIe0isUopKG1rkiog"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":957,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1cfb670c315d4c0a88d45c539c09a907","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcniSqwwKomSukcUvVQTJ2Nce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、复原第一层四个角块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GYsWui2WIiKsfSvInuFAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的:要使四个底角的各面的颜色与相应中心面颜色对应一致(如图2)。可归为五种情况,如图3~图7。图3和图4为基本形态,图5用公式后会变成图3形态,图6用公式后会变成图5形态,图7用公式后会变成图4形态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWU2W6yuMEGaCsexZwL1Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关键:手拿魔方,白底十字架在下面,只看图中白色位置,只要白色方块出现图中情况,按照公式旋转即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GQ0a8w6QW4agzjXzepL3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51fc025d11da4f5b844f925f2846caf1","width":442},"text":"","id":"doxcn8cam8amqOMoMAnHWTDQoec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体步骤示范:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8isQ0uEeWOwK8RNXGTaxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成十字后我们将整个魔方翻转,使十字朝下。 角块按位置分为顶层和底层两类情况。每类情况中又可按角块白色面朝向分为指向上/下和指向四周两种。最基础的情况是处于顶层白色面指向四周。剩下的三种均可转换成这种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAwioowy2weeiO87lIemhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基础情况:顶层,白色指向四周。(图3、图4的情况)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwokiww8QMCUSMmbVA9Pbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝右时,R U R'(图4情况,白色归位)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKY2O6YQGMikC4G1Mo4OGb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":381,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c55d7d32f4d4db1b3b78b3a208886a4","width":380},"text":"","id":"doxcn2MeykUAai2Me8mstLXLYtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝前时,L' U' L(图3情况,白色归位)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqOwU2qMsS0IqjPyJR8R14"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33e3673228cc42f5abda0a758de9bb7b","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnKUImGeaMEy0eKUebnjpLte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意角块的朝向。将角块放在目标位置之上,循环RUR'U'直至被还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uu6GEsW0Y2MGmNsCZe7Cb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"底层角块特殊情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyQK2SCIYUQCayEB7b4mEMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角块不是顶层且白色朝外的一律算作特殊情况,都要转化为基础情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kIQkUs8c4eG69WwUfDzqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在顶层白色朝上时,解决办法:R U2 R',即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GUMIUIsI0mCAjAmE9lPld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8bd527242f7943d78ba85a0bfdb38304","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYqiAeUga4aCygFDYUe5lCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在底层白色朝外,解决办法:R U2 R',即可转为基础情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEqg2eMigigYc1yVmc8Cfh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d05cd1f435d45ab9a376335d8eeab66","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcniaqwqS6AEKmaq8IsT99inh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、复原第二层四个棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCooCEa604GUIwihOLglfJo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目的是使第二层的四个棱归位( 第二层含四个中心块,这四个中心块是固定的,只需复原棱块即可)。可归为两种基本情况,当要复原的棱块在中层,可以先用","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图8或图8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"公式把他们转到顶层后,再用下面公式转法即可。(切记:对着图8,手拿魔方,出现图8情况,即可用图8公式。出现图9情况,即可用图9公式。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEiUWIaA6E6MC2EdadJrKd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":161,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca5988078e84d009646cebf983a7cd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEQIMwGMOIa0K9M1IjqDmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbfdbbbe56dd41e9960a9ed8ca35cb2e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnsAIUC4SAkGGE2BY51vCdxg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"顶十字(以黄色为顶,完成顶层四个棱)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQKI2KwkcYk6ERkWJjEGse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方,只看中心块和四个棱,只要顶层黄色部分出现图中任一这个情况(切记:手拿魔方,顶层看过去的黄色方块方向要跟图片某一种情形一致),均可以使用公式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"FRUR'U'F","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"'在图10~图13中转换,直到出现图14形态(四个棱和中心颜色都为黄色)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKGYKUiA6kw6g1P4I9wESf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":259,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/46691c9b2aba449b9b9a3ab67073737b","width":393},"text":"","id":"doxcnucUkK8cM2c4aAbWVO7Bdxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"具体示范如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoYI64uWecW6uuDoVpdghd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"条形(图12):","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"转动顶层,让条形指向左右。再用FRUR'U'F',如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIM44iEOCmKS4oNwXpXODhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a73e9ef079142e3b04f4ddb305ba2e1","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEgUoOUKg4qGopa8QjvKLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"折形(图11):","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"朝上的棱块一个放在后边一个放在左边,做一遍条形公式就可以转换成条形。所以连做两遍条形公式即可。此过程会出现F和F'连做FRUR'U'F'(FRUR'U'F'),相互抵消,故消去废步后的公式为:F ( R U R' U' ) ( R U R' U' ) F'(若记不住直接记FRUR'U'F'操作两遍即可)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngqUmQWiGGaQyAdBIuv5hed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cf81460db86447f956e8ed79bab91fc","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG28qecQwYmmK439Iw5KUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"点形(图10):","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"点形做上述公式即转化为另一种二棱情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYeaUEuYUics0QQkTHdECc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、完成顶面(以黄色为顶面)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSCAQuMa8C4EuUgeA91LWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俯视魔方,只看黄色方块,会出现下面8种状态之一。手中拿好魔方,顶层黄色出现下图各种位置时,只要黄色所在位置跟图中任一形式一样,使用公式RUR'URU2 R'在图14中转换,即可将顶层颜色全部变为黄色。(切记:手拿魔方时,俯视魔方,顶层黄色位置要跟图中一样,出现任何一种图中情况,用此公式即可。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWg2We4soOY2gUp42gueBuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":236,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c35d1bbae3a477997efbc757dc6932d","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsqM2wai0kw0eUBJkfI2Awb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"调整顶层4个角块位置,使其正确归位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIyoSIu0suYKMQeAW6ki5q2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法一:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkquKiC2yoQ8OozxnEHjXVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先调整角块位置:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这一步要使四个角块的相对位置归位。观察顶层的侧面,看看是否有一个侧面是两个角块颜色都一样的(连在一起的相对位置正确的角块)。如果有,则将这两个角块放在右侧,做:R2 F2' R' B' R F2' R' B R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWsQ66SsIeqEn1x5tIyAjP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/514b92f2035a4d4ea6e0639e45e660f9","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsoOkYCEoWwCSqSkkeO6xBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果四个面都没有,做一次上面的公式就有了。另外不要被棱块干扰,角块没做完先不管棱块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneO24mygqAYCCEda7baf9wc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再调整棱块位置:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整项层4个棱块的位置,使其位置正确。顶棱情况依错误的棱块的数量分为两类:三个和四个。不存在两个交换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIMOiS2qQ4waUnDVrxJYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个棱块依次轮换,让完成的棱块朝后,观察剩余三个棱块是顺时针还是逆时针替换,如果前面颜色对应的棱块在右边,对应顺时针替换:R2 U R U R' U' R' U' R' U R',可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwmYKySYqA0mMGCs8uxlcnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae731f1eb7894276914881797e8b82d2","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsCoykuCGOCCc8Q815HoBBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面颜色对应的棱块在左边,对应逆时针替换。可以使用公式:L2' U' L' U' L U L U L U' L,可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQskGqGsqSumws7DNnE3Eye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81f0fa271eac4f70955db8e6ae8bbe9c","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcnsiUWeOAM28OcOoNrS4Aixb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四个棱块两两对换:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果前面步骤做完,到最后只是四个角棱块两两相对,跳过上面两个步骤,随机做一个三棱换即可转化为三棱换的情况。可用公式:M2' U M2' U2 M2' U M2',可完成复原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8KmMcg8AO8UCUo6XgU54b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1eb8187507040c6be8c30ae3eeaa496","width":256},"text":"","id":"doxcn8WQS8MoqeqSgO4E4bnyzRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"方法二:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"个人喜欢的方法,手拿魔方,俯视魔方,观察顶层四个棱的位置,使用公式F2U' (LR')F2 (L'R)U'F2在图16中的五种形态之间进行转换,只要一个公式,整个魔方会被复原。(箭头表示不同颜色的方块互换位置,魔方拿法朝向没有要求,只要俯视图是下图即可,出现下列情行就用此公式,即可复原)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWIK0QYuqK6wOA7YRWuOJQz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":193,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d5cb1a5501441338f15cf851957dcd0","width":362},"text":"","id":"doxcnyamcsS6e6Ym02tC8CwWQIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"至此,三阶魔方复原完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMKMCwCSywiqOwT2XWGLdh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmQoWQoCe4Ye49XuGzPDSZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简介","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWmsyccyYaGYOs11H4Iaxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方被认为是2-5阶魔方玩法中最不好复原的,虽然五阶魔方的变化种类比4阶多,但是四阶魔方的中心块并不固定,也就不容易复原。要点就是要记住各个颜色的相对位置,只有将中心块的颜色按正确的位置还原才能复原整个魔方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOwiYw4iGkaYkVz3a3ojVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方总共有8个角块,24个中心块和24个棱块。四阶魔方的国际配色是上白下黄、前绿后蓝、左橙右红。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn60cm8uC8kUgioxmJjCLfJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶魔方复原教程:【四阶魔方基础还原教程(入门降阶法)】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/7ODSD0a","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYIK4kKG0S0SI90DgBMHVh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWyICiSgWkkgWM1B6zo2Qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四阶魔方的复原根本恢复思路:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"调整6面中心块→组合12条棱块→处理特殊情况→恢复四阶魔方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8W26io6ywicIvUAm4lSec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般选择使用降阶法来恢复四阶魔方,即指将高阶魔方转换成三阶魔方的状态,然后依照三阶魔方的恢复办法进行恢复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86auUi2yiW80EvNIwmrbcg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":215,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ff71be9b824c6aaad8c9db289f356d","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcn2uCyWEmISmU0MnH3wT6MHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、调整四阶魔方六面中心块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEU6yGaGkgAKKwSts59DMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为四阶魔方并没有固定的中心块,所以在进行这个步骤之前,必需要记住6面的色彩方位。下面就罗列出在拼中心块的过程呈现的8个状况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOSsgGQeKKG4TAHYperbGx"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c9a6fef36448578ad7434f311fe8ba","width":464},"text":"","id":"doxcn42OsUaC6wOUasPuEOlW8Ac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09cad9f87e04bc895d4f28fd27e5267","width":490},"text":"","id":"doxcnSsK4gAOqIYOGAdrrJOwLot"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a01dae075a8414996e3efd580bf6138","width":474},"text":"","id":"doxcn6i40wwYYS40y4S8wjhL1Ed"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8de72dcea08a487e83c8426248136508","width":481},"text":"","id":"doxcnEC0IwSGOEK0ioVGkgA7Q8f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、合并12条棱块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaQYKgKieISUyEnH7EcQIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拼好魔方的六面中心块后,接下来需要把24个棱块按照颜色相同的棱块两两合并来组合成12个棱块,这和三阶魔方状态是一样的了,最终效果如下第一张图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOuEeIEgGAQGQj89PN09Ec"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ceb75d46eb784aefa7a144df14c3f868","width":444},"text":"","id":"doxcnyQUKMioKSq2UYzWthr9ZSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67e411025ca64ffb8442e030239056ad","width":495},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6EYWOQUqEsC0ky0NEJdGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be0479b7a52d447f852b70c4d7bc9658","width":448},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGoEKg2KUym4G4HpUYLHYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3da3e20963524ec4bb4ca9e42d68317d","width":447},"text":"","id":"doxcnE6oy6yyK464qwTrcSDPLkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c256f0f7241848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","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/vFljBK0","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIaMEyOmas84GSG9qI6MHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncWWIwk8USSO2Y73kNEJs4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、还原底面中心块(以黄色中心块为例)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwwI2y0wAKyEiCq6PByvle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于奇数阶魔方来说,还原中心块需要先还原中心的3*1的一道,如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsskGoi6Ais6Q2nDjFY2Cge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":581,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67caeab779cb4ffabfc137655a0f5380","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkeE0gCI800kcHeVhV264e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面(除底面和顶面的四个面)上还原出3*1的一道,再移至底面,如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiOUOKeyMCMIInMMIFzKFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d86613fd0be409d9ad15bf470a60716","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnsigQA0a8sEmCsrQjgtxv3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以此方法还原底面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOUUg6eg82YmqKCMwNTb2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、还原顶面中心块(白色)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoSeoUS2q2ge8DfLJdm5Sd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶面也就是与底面相对的那一面。同样要注意首先先还原中间3*1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY0yoYOC6syYkOwxeBAqthf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ed17e1256c548c79d22efd820ed9f7c","width":626},"text":"","id":"doxcnCUOcymiYeCUkiyu9CBsLRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在中间面(除底面和顶面的四个面)上创造出顶面中心块的边缘3*1的一道,再移至顶面(注意不要打乱底面,可用图示方法)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqewceYeuKe0cnGuDmELJe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":752,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/919da73b3bca4fa6a4203d11be6c7cfa","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnoMeyYUIqaQQ8cBj26mZA6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2608e9e906c24432a21ef94874f825ad","width":625},"text":"","id":"doxcngkmqEeMIaGUaWywVEo8Sbh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、还原中间面的中心块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYK2OUIAIsI4e6aQ2iO9ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中间面的还原需要一个面再接着相邻的一个面进行还原。首先还是先还原一个中心块的中间的3*1的一道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoWGgESsSAq4AZpm9OmLad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":582,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c7f2fa702584f5185ab5fcd39a738f3","width":548},"text":"","id":"doxcnEiamIiAscM6AtpK7c2OCLa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在未还原的三个中间面还原出相应中心块面的边缘3*1的一道,再移至相应的中心块上,以此方式还原这个中心面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SMMU6m6kgACSwew9fFuZc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/045583746c684ad89a4fa19cc73f3701","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiKQkaQqomI0YjNSYVi3oc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/847af70ef33c4f27882a89826dac7a89","width":525},"text":"","id":"doxcneceYiyU4yeu0GS02HBBKnd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后进行还原此中心面的相邻中心面,首先还是先还原此中心面的中间3*1的一道,为避免其他面被打乱,可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns0wMEGQoMWQQQHasY6TWbf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c50f4f0242e49cd9979201361014e23","width":609},"text":"","id":"doxcnwIMmW8C6IAE2kvnPS419ui"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再在剩下两个中心面上还原出相应中心块所需的边缘3*1的一道,移至相应中心面上,为防止已还原的中心块被打乱,可用图示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaIssSouOgwWO6rw7Xn2ac"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":606,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0240ceb4b9d43cca17071e2f4dffce4","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcngQW2WYmqk2sColkStdqtee"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb67dbfc10d244bea0bba8fff90118b4","width":561},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UO2kGwUk2GiiwWKURGEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d37e6e074bf451092bb30e83f4c6667","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcnWGmWsWwGCoSQox6H3WbxSg"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为防止已还原的部分被破坏,可使用下列方式:U'F'中间层RU中间层R'","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOkS6QgOUwMW6yL0wjghX2N"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/602c1abb8d9b4bc1a19b50256a7fe6c2","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcn664Ms0OueSocqSk8ES1Btg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":620,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e5900a13a6448b3a0d9cd429ae05d26","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcnAaIMO8eCy8kGyUPKtf70tf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后两个面的还原,首先先用以多还少的方式还原大部分(情况如之前提到所示),然后再用下列两个公式还原特殊情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwSqY8s6W6GOSgZWNZcqKcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":727,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e021e15f7a41a7bc7186e85581e4a0","width":657},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0a2GiouM6CQYhh6w5f2Dh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/51d6c5017e0c4bacb8c28d397e60c5f1","width":648},"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaGMW0aS2Eg1JD5bKQ2c"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、还原顶面与底面的八大棱块 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAY42AeUqIS2AJ7yUdzMyO2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步与四阶相似,都是要先把3*1的棱块的三个小块找到,根据图示方法使三个小块放到图示的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuseCCIwQ2qm4aUr7n2Kejg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/506f4a7433464258ab9202061978e1e8","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniOoWsEeW4sOyQ93m2Aswoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再移动中间层的面,使三个小块合成一个3*1的棱块,再将它放至底面或顶面的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEiYmYYMiccsaC0FJDcpoh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66bf2b65472540afbf6729c50576da59","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQieSSi4U6YOYAHO7exO8eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、还原中间面的四大棱块","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uCQ2qyuwUyMEhMdSf0kid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步使用的是四阶的公式,只是将公式稍微变形一下,具体情况如图。然后,最后会遇上特殊情况,解决方法如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42Ws4OMqYoqYK8PHdS9wFe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":557,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/54ef908152b44f789e469364193c9fb7","width":602},"text":"","id":"doxcn8umGiG8O8O4iiy7u4NaOlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f97c0e05f11d4103b6c495a86f8df6d9","width":568},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw8K6gykA0cuMJWLHCOdPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4eb38c0566284245b7d15d8a8f75ae8e","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcno6E6g2swewyq0smixBQQRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":371,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc0b19b50f894596bd696f84a8b19d88","width":477},"text":"","id":"doxcnGG2KyySiew8QsB53JAMBgf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":699,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1040f8ea87084969a485c0c8b2c1faab","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn4KCYcs0kIguaYX0mWjgBLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":693,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d191b12154bb99f74d3b75d59505d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnmimKS40gYcuaILIshiqfIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":432,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五阶复原教程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e300921257d493184d8804aa9d1e22b","width":601},"text":"","id":"doxcnsEgEeeO4ciumWk3WhL6Vqd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、至此,可将降阶的五阶魔方看做三阶魔方进行还原。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOG68U8UU0EW3P1CoVo5zM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶复原要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Us06UWGSEYA0Ek2mcx35e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“降阶法”是还原高阶魔方的通用方法。“降阶”步骤及各步骤中的转法思路,均可应用于所有高阶魔方还原中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKoqYMu6gAIsmEIP0N1O4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高阶魔方,可以分为奇数阶与偶数阶。偶数阶魔方,与四阶魔方类似,因“中心块”相对位置不固定,所以在“还原中心块”时需要注意相对位置,且降阶后可能需要“特殊情况校正”这一步骤,将降阶后的“三阶魔方”修正为“标准情况”;奇数阶魔方,因“中心块”相对位置是固定的,所以“复原中心块”时较易,且完成降阶后的“三阶魔方”即为“标准情况”,不需校正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyYscqaQo2coH1GGNN3oEo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之,只要掌握降阶法的原理,所有高阶魔方均可迎刃而解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneca26eU8Eiwqo93EJz14Bh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYY0CgyYUuWKILM6HxxXKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"异形魔方相对原始魔方的变化较大,但是原理基本上相同,一般都可以看成二阶或三阶的魔方,当然有些异形魔方还是比较难还原的。常见的异形魔方有六色五魔方、钻石魔方及金字塔魔方等,一起来看一下金字塔魔方复原教程吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aoomGSWAqwYaeK1ud8VEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqg0MGoq4qQsOknem6qxGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方属于异形魔方,在结构上跟之前的三阶二阶魔方是完全不同的。但是,金字塔魔方还原的原理跟三阶魔方是有一些共同点的,一般是先预留黄色面作为底面,先还原黄色底面再还原其他颜色面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYQi68WKmsA6cG5b62cS79"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原视频教程:【超级简单!零基础学会金字塔魔方!】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/IbSq1au","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0miWcii6GOC4cfMUIxu40d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、金字塔还原的第一步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuoUgU0WYIgiwAtzW1yCFde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还原出一个黄色底面的“十字架”,上图三个黄色块就是金字塔“十字架”。如下图所示:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEQiWIs666s4AOQitjGJvcc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2a183f8275f4c69aa667ff06835ff4a","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnGW2aEmsqccQyGAEZWGGUUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、金字塔还原的第二步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweimuaWMKuKkYJ7KfPKCSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔底层公式:右下、左下、右上、左上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24MEa6Yq0SiaK8V9eIp1t3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKqmCs6IkWEcM9Bvbp7Rlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5e89982d86fe42099af10e226877dde8","width":676},"text":"","id":"doxcnCSG6AEcoe0egkVxhh5Wxtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔顶面公式:右下、顶右、右上、顶右、右下、顶右、右上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GSCso8omSAMSo86O8dIAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 左下、右下、左上、右上、顶左、右上、顶右、右下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ugakoS2kSI0uCngWickAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"金字塔魔方复原","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd7c1904e1e49729c91cb9fdac289fe","width":689},"text":"","id":"doxcnmmW2EIY88YCQYH4C0G1yWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwEIwOUYe6GG4aSSaK2neA"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
一般都是下载录屏软件去录制啊。这里可以列举一下免费又好用的电脑录屏软件吧:一、万彩录屏大师这个自带后期编辑视频的功能,后期加动画、剪辑什么的也比较方便。既能录制麦克风声音,也能只录制屏幕声音。内置比较多的模板和素材,软件有永久免费和收费两种,如果要求不高,免费版就足够用了
二、Bandicam 韩国的录屏软件,功能齐全,主打录制游戏,在游戏中那么快转换的画面还有要求帧率是很大的功能,是专业人士需要的。免费的有时长限制
三、OCAM 这个软件体积比较小,下载下来直接解压可以用。主页面包含截屏、录制屏幕、选择录制区域、打开保存文件夹、选择编码方式、录制声音这6个主要功能,界面简洁易用,各功能一目了然。
还用过Screentogif,轻便实用,但超过1分钟的视频不建议用;拍大师,有水印;apower只有3分钟时长录制,所以都不太推荐
将摄像头固定安装好后,利用网线连接到硬盘录像机上,硬盘录像机连接电脑主机下载监控液面控制就可以
bad反义词是: good
We ought to follow her good example .她是个好榜样,我们应当仿效她。
Good secretaries are always in demand .好的秘书总是很多人都需要的。
A miss is as good as a mile .失之毫厘,差之千里;(五十步笑百步)。
The change of scene will do her some good .换个环境对她是有好处的。
I gladly bear witness to his good character .我很高兴证明他的善良。
His night vision is not quite good enough .他夜间的视力达不到标准。
Would it be good to rub my feet with snow ?我的脚用雪来擦有好处吗?
Mr. knightley's air is so remarkably good .奈特利先生的风度确实好。
So we'll be seeing a good deal of you .那么,我们可以经常见到你了。
If you're a good fellow you cooperate .要做个好伙伴,就要懂得合群。
The news today is so far scanty, but good.今天的消息不多,但很好。
I 'm a newcomer and no good at flattery .我是新来的,又不会献殷勤。
I rather thought it would be good for him .我原以为这对他会有好处。
This led into good fighting country .从这里可以进入良好的作战地区。
Whatever prospers my business is good .任何使我生意昌隆的都是好的。
可以。 1、首先要安装有声卡驱动 2、将控制面板的录制默认设置为 立体音混音或CD音频 3、讲录屏软件的录音源设置为 立体音混音或CD音频 如果是录屏的话,可以直接在手机中下载一个录屏软件,通过设置也可以到达录制耳机声音的目的。 1首先在手机上下载一款录屏软件,注意录屏软件的选择要与手机机型相匹 2有的手机适合的录屏软件不需要插入耳机就可以录屏且没有杂音,而有的插入耳机后录屏就没有声音了。
3录屏后点击保存,,然后点开视频查看是否有声音且无杂音。
工程师一般指注册土木工程师,是指取得《注册土木工程师执业资格证书》和《注册土木工程师执业资格注册证书》,并从事该工程工作的专业技术人员。 注册土木工程师分为岩土、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程、道路工程四个专业。
考试背景
注册土木工程师考试难度非常大,现在考过的学员证书也是相当的稀少,土木工程师证书含金量不可谓不高。2002年4月,人事部、建设部下发了《关于印发〈注册土木工程师执业资格制度暂行规定〉、〈注册土木工程师执业资格制度考试实施办法〉和〈注册土木工程师执业资格考核认定办法〉的通知》(人发〔2002〕35号),决定在我国实行注册土木工程师执业资格制度。
报考条件
(以下内容均来自中国人事考试网http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/testCondition.html)
岩土工程
凡中华人民共和国公民,遵守国家法律、法规,恪守职业道德,并具备下列相应条件者,可申请参加注册土木工程师(岩土)执业资格考试。
1.基础考试报名条件
(1)取得本专业(指勘察技术与工程、土木工程、水利水电工程、港口航道与海岸工程专业,下同)或相近专业(指地质勘探、环境工程、工程力学专业,下同)大学本科及以上学历或学位;
(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历,从事岩土工程专业工作满1年;
(3)取得其它工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,从事岩土工程专业工作满1年。
2.基础考试合格,并具备以下条件之一者,可申请参加专业考试:
(1)取得本专业博士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满3年;
(2)取得本专业硕士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满4年;
(3)取得本专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满4年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满5年;
(4)取得本专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年;
(6)取得其它工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年。
3、符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):
1.1991年及以前,取得本专业硕士及以上学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士及以上学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年。
2.1991年及以前,取得本专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年。
3.1989年及以前,取得本专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年。
4.1987年及以前,取得本专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满10年。
5.1985年及以前,取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满12年。
6.1982年及以前,取得其他工科专业大学专科及以上学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年。
7.1977年及以前,取得本专业中专学历或1972年及以前取得相近专业中专学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满10年。
港口与航道工程
凡中华人民共和国公民,遵守国家法律、法规,恪守职业道德,并具备相应专业教育和职业实践条件者,均可申请参加注册土木工程师(港口与航道工程)执业资格考试。
1.基础考试报名条件:
(1)取得本专业(指港口航道与海岸工程专业,下同)或相近专业(指船舶与海洋工程、水利水电工程、土木工程专业,详见附件1,下同)大学本科及以上学历或学位。
(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满1年。
(3)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满1年。
2、基础考试合格,并具备以下条件之一者,可申请参加专业考试:
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满3年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年。
(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年。
(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满8年。
3、截止2002年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满8年。
(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程专业设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满9年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满10年。
(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满12年。
(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满15年。
(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满25年;或相近专业中专学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满30年。
水利水电工程
凡中华人民共和国公民 , 遵守国家法律、法规 , 恪守职业道德 , 并具备相应专业教育和职业实践条件者 , 均可申请参加注册土木工程师 ( 水利水电工程 ) 资格考试。
其中注册土木工程师(水利水电工程)按水利水电工程规划、水工结构、水利水电工程地质、水利水电工程移民、水利水电工程水土保持等五个专业方向选报。
1.基础考试报名条件:
(1) 取得本专业 ( 指水利水电工程、水文与水资源工程、农业水利工程、水土保持与荒漠化防治专业 ) 或相近专业(指港口航道与海岸工程、土木工程、勘查技术与工程等专业)大学本科及以上学历或学位。
(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历 , 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满1年。
(3)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位 , 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满1年。
2.基础考试合格,并具备下列条件之一的,可申请参加专业考试:
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满3年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后, 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年;或取得含相近专业在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年。
(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年。
(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满8年。
3、截止到2002年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年;或取得含相近专业在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满8年。
(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程专业勘察、设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满9年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满10年。
(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满12年。
(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满15年。
(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满25年;或取得相近专业中专学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满30年。
道路工程
1.参加注册土木工程师(道路工程)基础考试,应具备 下列条件之一:
(1)取得本专业或相近专业大学本科及以上学历或学位。
(2) 取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事道路工程 专业设计工作满1年。
(3)取得其他专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事道路 工程专业设计工作满1年。
2.参加注册土木工程师(道路工程)专业考试,应基础 考试合格,并具备下列条件之一:
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满3年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满4年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业 后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满4年;或取得含相近专业 在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满5年。
(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计 从事道路工程专业设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评 估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满 5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满6年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计 工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满7年。
(6)取得其他专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事道 路工程专业设计工作满8年。
3.截止2014年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者, 可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试:
(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满6年。
(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满7年。
(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业 后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满7年;或取得相近专业双 学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满 8 年。
(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专 业设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满9年。
(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计 工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满10年。
(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从 事道路工程专业设计工作满12年。
(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专 业设计工作满15年。
(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满25年;或取得相近专业中专学历后,累计从事道路工程专业 设计工作满30年。
报名流程
1、注册:进入中国人事考试网,注册账号(已经有账号的可以直接登录,这一个步骤可以省略)
2、登录:注册好了账号后之后,登录中国人事考试网。
3、上传照片:登录系统后,点击【注册照片维护】,进入照片上传界面,点击右侧的加载图像,选择要上传的照片,点击【缩小】、【放大】可以放大或缩小照片,移动照片可调整照片在选框中的范围,调到照片合适后,输入验证码,点击【上传】按钮,照片会显示在左侧的方框内,
4、选择专业:照片上传后,选择你要报考的专业,如您报考的注册岩土工程师,就选择注册岩土工程师,然后选择报考省份。
5、填写报考信息:将您报考信息如实的填入信息栏
6、照片审核:老考生提交报名信息之后需要考试管理机构对所上传的照片进行审核,审核通过后方可进行下一步操作,如果审核不通过可以点击流程图中的照片维护进行修改,修改后的照片需要考试管理机构重新审核。
7、报名信息确认:重要提示:报名信息一旦确认就不能更改,请考生仔细核对后再进行报名信息确认操作。
8、网上缴费:有些省份,是通过网上缴费,按照缴费提醒进行缴费。
考试流程
考试方式
考试分基础考试和专业考试两部分。基础考试合格方可报考专业考试。
基础考试为客观题,在答题卡上作答。专业考试分为《专业知识考试》和《专业案例考试》两部分,其中《专业知识考试》为客观题,在答题卡上作答;《专业案例考试》采取主、客观相结合的考试方法,即:要求考生在填涂答题卡的同时,在答题纸上写出计算过程。
考试分4个半天进行,具体时间安排是:
第一天 08:00一11:00 《专业知识考试(上)》
08:00一12:00 《基础考试(上)》
14:00一17:00 《专业知识考试(下)》
14:00一18:00 《基础考试(下)》
第二天 08:00一11:00 《专业案例考试(上)》
14:00一17:00 《专业案例考试(下)》
《专业考试》为开卷考试,允许考生携带正规出版社出版的各种专业规范和参考书;《基础考试》为闭卷考试。考生应考试时,可携带计算器(无声、无存储编辑功能)、三角板、钢笔或圆珠笔(黑色或蓝色)、2B铅笔、橡皮。可以用试卷作草稿纸。
考试科目
注册土木工程师考试分为基础考试和专业考试。基础考试包括基础上和基础下两部分内容;专业考试包括专业知识和专业案例两个科目,专业知识分为专业知识上和专业知识下两部分内容,专业案例分为专业案例上和专业案例下两部分内容。
基础考试(上午段):
公共基础:高等数学、普通物理 、普通化学 、理论力学 、材料力学、流体力学、建筑材料、电工学、工程经济、工程地质、土力与地基基础、弹性力学、结构力学与结构设计、工程测量、计算机与数值方法、建筑施工与管理、职业法规、水力学、岩土力学、水文学基础。
专业考试科目(下午段):
专业课程:岩土工程勘察、浅基础、深基础、地基处理、土工建筑物、边坡、基坑与地下 工程、特殊条件下的岩土工程、地震工程、工程经济与管理 ,建筑材料、土质学与土力学、工程地质、工程勘测、结构设计原理、职业法规等
考试时间
一般考试时间是10月份第三个周末,2019年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月19-20日,2020年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月17-18日,2021年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月23-24日。
成绩查询
成绩查询和证书领取都是在中国人事网http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/index.html,2020年注册土木工程师成绩查询时间为2021年01月25日。
合格标准
参加基础或专业考试的人员必须在一个年度内通过全部科目。考试成绩在全国专业技术人员资格考试服务平台发布。
考试合格,颁发人力资源和社会保障部印制的,人力资源社会保障部、住房城乡建设部共同用印的《中华人民共和国注册土木工程师(岩土)资格证书》,在全国范围内有效。
备考方法
基础考试
基础考试可以一本辅导书为主,不要求每个章节都学习地很透彻,有所选择,但需要把历年真题熟练掌握。
专业考试
八字方针:有的放矢,题海有术!
出题趋势:基本原理,难度适中,计算量适当。
(1)加强对基础知识的掌握
知识题覆盖面宽,又有一定深度,因此,对规范要理解,对规范中没有提及的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法,需要查阅土力学、基础工程等基础教材,熟练掌握。
(2)通读一本辅导书
通过通读一遍辅导书,系统全面复习,取长补短,这对多选题的解答帮助很大,毕竟多选题通过随机猜答案得分的概率极低。在案例计算中,也可以对知识点有个系统的梳理。
(3)熟悉规范
对重点规范尤其要熟悉,规范的条文在复习中都记住是很困难的,对于难以记住的内容,复习时应尽量熟悉,掌握相关条文、公式在哪个位置,以便在考场中速查。
(4)真题学习
需要将历年真题认真做一遍,对考过的内容应熟悉,尤其对基本原理和规范的条文出处。在做真题的时候,应抓住重点考点,强调做题速度。平时练习,应朝着“考试速度”努力!
重要知识点的常考题,应非常熟悉,做题速度快;重要知识点但不常考的题目,应跟着真题掌握,达到会做的水平;较难较偏较怪的知识点,主动放弃。
复习备考
土木工程师包括岩土、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程和道路工程,复习方法思路大同小异,现以最常用的岩土工程为例进行讲解。
第一阶段
(如果是第一次考,可以先在网络上找一些历年真题,看看历年真题的大致出题情况,至少有一个感官认识。)
先看《土力学》、《基础工程》课本(用时2个月),土力学或基础工程课本尽量选一本自己非常熟悉的,最好是本科时候上课用过的。在看土力学或基础工程课本的时候争取一遍就看透彻些,尽量理解,确实一时无法理解便做个记号,可以回头再看,一般来说,如果第一次接触土力学或基础工程,一遍是完全不够的,当然有基础的,一遍就明白了也大有人在。在看土力学或基础工程的时候,着重看以下几个方面:
1、土的基本物理性质:各项物理指标概念,土的结构、土的工程分类,土的三相图及指标换算,岩土测试和试验。对于岩石,土力学课本讲的很少,岩石的一些基本概念,也可以参看《岩体力学》
2、土的渗流理论:渗透原理,流网(不同维度)及其工程应用,渗透力计算,渗透变形判别(结合水电工程勘察规范)
3、土的压缩固结和沉降计算:压缩性试验及指标、固结沉降计算(非规范法)、固结的时间效应(固结度)
4、土的抗剪强度:莫尔圆经典计算、莫尔库仑公式、抗剪强度指标试验(十字板、无侧限抗压强度、直剪、三轴)、有效应力、总应力法
5、附加应力计算:土中应力分布及自重应力(分层计算)、不同荷载下土中应力、基础底面压力和附加压力、不同深度土层中附加应力、附加应力系数(不同形状叠加法)
6、边坡稳定性:静止、朗肯、库伦土压力计算(同边坡、基坑规范等相结合)、砂土和黏性土稳定性计算公式、边坡在渗流情况下的稳定性
7、地基承载力:此部分以理解为主,规范的计算公式多是在经典理论基础上演变而来,如理解临塑荷载、临界荷载,极限承载力计算
8、天然地基基础设计:浅基础类型和设计原则,基础埋置深度,承载力和变形验算,独立基础、条形基础结构设计和计算,筏板基础(较复杂)以理解为主、简单计算为辅
9、桩基础:桩基类型,桩基受力性状分析,单桩、群桩竖向和水平承载力计算,桩基抗震结构设计
10、特殊土地基:黄土、膨胀土、盐渍土、冻土的性状及地基基础设计
11、地基处理:各类基本的地基处理方法和原理,后期结合地基处理规范
第二阶段
结合规范看辅导书(用时4个月),把自己选定的辅导书看一遍,有些人喜好第一遍就开始自己做题,除非基础很好,不然不建议这样做。第一遍做题还是非常打击信心的。建议先大体的来一遍,第一遍可以用时在1-2个月,看的时候不要太拘泥于细节,先大体上有个印象和了解,以便加快进度,看的过程中顺便熟悉规范和参看其他辅导书,多途径理解,针对辅导书中的题目,不建议直接上手做,但可以在脑海中先思索一遍,再看解题过程和答案。剩下2个月再重看1-2遍,再去细细的去抠一些难点、重点,尽量做到能理解其中70%-80%的解答就可以了。本阶段,若时间够,可抽几天把10本重点规范单独翻一翻。
第三阶段
快速再过一遍辅导书(案例),然后进入做题模式(用时3个月)。
历年真题有限,可以留2套最新的到最后冲刺模拟,其余从老题开始做。刚开始几套,尽量找到感觉,提升速度,可以不用掐时间,但熟悉了几套之后,应进入模拟模式,可以结合《实战手册》掐时间做题,题目可以选择真题、模拟题,做完一遍可以再做一遍,提高自己的熟悉程度。案例一定要亲自动手按考试的步骤解答,这样一边做题一边翻手册和规范,一来能记住一些常考条文的位置和陷阱,二来能更深刻的理解规范的内容。在战争中学习战争,否则,一页页的看规范容易犯困。
期间可以加入专业知识的复习,毕竟一直做案例,对精力消耗很大。专业知识涉及的知识面很广,所以要多看规范。重要的核心规范要做到读完题就能直接翻到相应的规范条文,非核心规范最少要做到对规范的目录很熟悉,以便读完题依据目录查找相应的条文。有一定基础的考生,建议专业知识的复习,还是以真题为主,认真看真题的解答,可以在碎片时间看(比如上下班路上、出差等),切记,最后留两套到临近考试的时候模拟下,感受一下高强度翻阅规范的氛围。近年知识题不难,大部分凭翻阅规范作答,故此不建议花太多时间复习专业知识(有传闻说会逐渐提高难度,但至今未见变化),关于专业知识的复习方法,此处引用华南虎的分析:
根据以上几点分析再总结攻克方法:①类翻书题,靠自己平时阅读规范教材就可以轻松解决;②类案例题,复习案例的时候已经解决;③类偏、难题,这个不刻意要求,靠平时积累;④类理解题,靠真题模拟和自己总结归类解决。第④类题的总结分析,应该是今后知识辅导书的突破方向。
期间,也可穿插看着刘兴禄的案例分析、老于的案例分析、历年真题以及专业知识分析(非必须,结合自己实际情况)。刘兴禄的案例分析和老于的基本题型练习有时间也可以做一做。实战手册的作用是可以在做题的时候迅速回忆起考点和陷阱,迅速答题。记住,一定要掐时间做题,全环节模拟,才有那个心态和感觉,可以测试真实水平。
第四阶段
考前,一是看看法规,这部分临阵磨枪就行,看早了反而容易忘;二是自己总结,把一些常犯的错误、容易混淆的、有共同点的等等做个总结、标记。顺便再把错题,易错点再看看,回顾下,调整心态,准备上战场。
就业方向
1、工程技术方向。
代表职位:施工工程师、施工工程师、结构工程师、技术经理、项目经理等。
2、设计、规划和预算。
代表职位:项目设计师、结构审计、城市规划师、预算员、预算工程师等。
3、质量监督和工程监理。
代表职位:监理工程师。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工程师一般指注册土木工程师,是指取得《注册土木工程师执业资格证书》和《注册土木工程师执业资格注册证书》,并从事该工程工作的专业技术人员。 注册土木工程师分为岩土、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程、道路工程四个专业。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngIYUO0YEekWIKjopok4yub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试背景","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu4m8QOgwGS6sOmYPWtIZog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注册土木工程师考试难度非常大,现在考过的学员证书也是相当的稀少,土木工程师证书含金量不可谓不高。2002年4月,人事部、建设部下发了《关于印发〈注册土木工程师执业资格制度暂行规定〉、〈注册土木工程师执业资格制度考试实施办法〉和〈注册土木工程师执业资格考核认定办法〉的通知》(人发〔2002〕35号),决定在我国实行注册土木工程师执业资格制度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYSwAWAUWKUuQbahgKhFGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试背景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5256d9717cbb4d7e9b6989c73c21a0c0","width":559},"text":"","id":"doxcnWcO2WM0Geqwqu8Vv8zFCSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKOIo8c2GgES0SHNnhjTIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOU2Q0MkK8Y0oN8SH66Auf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(以下内容均来自中国人事考试网","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/testCondition.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/testCondition.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoCWCEI4IgIisMxwodnAFEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/29bb4a6aebc5423ca4f8ae18439004ff","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnm4QsYcyqC2GaU1jvc5Mecb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"岩土工程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu8MyYa06U6Sqq0wm7Oh2hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡中华人民共和国公民,遵守国家法律、法规,恪守职业道德,并具备下列相应条件者,可申请参加注册土木工程师(岩土)执业资格考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmYQkeEGQK4Ya0WKemVftd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.基础考试报名条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosUa2IEi6U2YsjYM8vDubd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业(指勘察技术与工程、土木工程、水利水电工程、港口航道与海岸工程专业,下同)或相近专业(指地质勘探、环境工程、工程力学专业,下同)大学本科及以上学历或学位;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy8ygE266UOYoZUwvgj2Hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历,从事岩土工程专业工作满1年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYccGs0wYKAgYFrZUrbU7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得其它工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,从事岩土工程专业工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8IQ0SMAKaQwYuIoI0EbC7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.基础考试合格,并具备以下条件之一者,可申请参加专业考试:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucIaECQiS00qqwdbmNFAle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满3年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUKgsGsMQYsO88C9lmwFYKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满4年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqUUaae6wa0CQw55Ie62Tpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得本专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满4年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满5年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMAoQkUokQUkWovOWgVW2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得本专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQkEII4MS8cM8w7ttxfiBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMgSOEOCMWKK2jD3JiuyUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其它工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOakK8sGkEMcIS2ATDbtBAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy8EcMockAUciaKXFZM8hg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.1991年及以前,取得本专业硕士及以上学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士及以上学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8y2UMs8YiKc0GrdGWKoCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1991年及以前,取得本专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满7年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCCcGe4OqakASmJQCdYjZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1989年及以前,取得本专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66KIWuSSUeg6O2PuyWg30c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.1987年及以前,取得本专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满10年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AcUoyIYgAyowJ8penxlBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.1985年及以前,取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满12年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0gE46YAMU6siqc4dDzANqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.1982年及以前,取得其他工科专业大学专科及以上学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满9年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsms8A2yawuUiWGilkQrDB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.1977年及以前,取得本专业中专学历或1972年及以前取得相近专业中专学历,累计从事岩土工程专业工作满10年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iUiS6cAmKASKSpKDJMucf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"港口与航道工程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCSWAYeCaYuOT6Vw519VGV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡中华人民共和国公民,遵守国家法律、法规,恪守职业道德,并具备相应专业教育和职业实践条件者,均可申请参加注册土木工程师(港口与航道工程)执业资格考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Aeg8OMeyEGEopu4NGR17g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.基础考试报名条件:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42G0wI60M6YO8zltV44aZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业(指港口航道与海岸工程专业,下同)或相近专业(指船舶与海洋工程、水利水电工程、土木工程专业,详见附件1,下同)大学本科及以上学历或学位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkGCeaoMgKCc6vKUzF8sNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoM2yEssEMA80GTBFg0ywob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yaecqQmCs06MBqoKCUaXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基础考试合格,并具备以下条件之一者,可申请参加专业考试:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsYOOgyYmkaUumZQaEjQwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满3年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0w6iWAieeWO6ntbxo1hMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOO48YCmUycouwBKsbH9fyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU8II28gqq6cAwdXtDxTbrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn44cqIYYA6OyQ2VAEkSsyQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4SMMKIQS4CG4SGS1Kxluc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiMYYkUWI8oC4w5u6fgPNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、截止2002年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGOSyacSswQ2MM3U6T26Rdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwY2yY4w4KSKGGSKYAWMqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6ywC22wUWOmE7iKO5Cw5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满7年;或取得相近专业双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnswuiC2OkCsGsk79QvzW2qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程专业设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满9年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWO8YsQW8q2kugF88bnjYtd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满10年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWuUQyyaweW2WWMLUJNBnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满12年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gSEScsWO8q2w5NnqZV6te"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满15年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kCuM2k4uEwemckWVfbP4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满25年;或相近专业中专学历后,累计从事港口与航道工程设计工作满30年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMa20WMi0aGq28TJ6qXqIhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"水利水电工程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns4SwSkOecQwaIv0XEzTRAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡中华人民共和国公民 , 遵守国家法律、法规 , 恪守职业道德 , 并具备相应专业教育和职业实践条件者 , 均可申请参加注册土木工程师 ( 水利水电工程 ) 资格考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWAuoqcWycuMc7MKBSGERb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其中注册土木工程师(水利水电工程)按水利水电工程规划、水工结构、水利水电工程地质、水利水电工程移民、水利水电工程水土保持等五个专业方向选报。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq40sGiooKccwimvjlMCfeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.基础考试报名条件:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUaOiqm0m0YKSqAVNNqoISh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1) 取得本专业 ( 指水利水电工程、水文与水资源工程、农业水利工程、水土保持与荒漠化防治专业 ) 或相近专业(指港口航道与海岸工程、土木工程、勘查技术与工程等专业)大学本科及以上学历或学位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOGOuu2mAooo4aU55CTZpGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历 , 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2k4kWmgmmo84cpYcdRYse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位 , 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIoy8OCwUCmUkZLZJbQgQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.基础考试合格,并具备下列条件之一的,可申请参加专业考试:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAkS8ug2iic8suTCMKT8RF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满3年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWmkqIO2OQSGMPnnRwHGMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke4EysgSqke6W8hPLjovUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后, 累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年;或取得含相近专业在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEa2I6YQWmSek1OKGBtDce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguSC2ikWi0eozd7tcMz8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYYK4QyAaAsAYCnObsEnurb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecgsSAuC8mWe6yJBEZHWvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、截止到2002年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者,可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试(以2021年为例):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2WSs6siEkEM0GXn4XDb2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYuaIAOKMEiwQHwIg5DVRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQAe624oKGeK21tHOwV53c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满7年;或取得含相近专业在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCus0KE2UOe6QCUkVwhLS4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程专业勘察、设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满9年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGaUAKSSYYMQMrsTt3jeBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满10年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiau8WG2ygqWMzRacLVioh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满12年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgecCSK6cCgos9409IpRbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满15年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4ciGoSI82OgkhVTNXMv7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满25年;或取得相近专业中专学历后,累计从事水利水电工程勘察、设计工作满30年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMaSWeouqUmSwLDQSjcxPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"道路工程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeOSM00eS0qOEjSn2XHkIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.参加注册土木工程师(道路工程)基础考试,应具备 下列条件之一:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkco8Mo8GOIS4sXyCTtFwPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业或相近专业大学本科及以上学历或学位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokMaeAeaKKssgMU50eLdZM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2) 取得本专业或相近专业大学专科学历,累计从事道路工程 专业设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKweAKQEewca6UNZkY2HsHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得其他专业大学本科及以上学历或学位,累计从事道路 工程专业设计工作满1年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaeI600iAiEQIrqx7AIaQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.参加注册土木工程师(道路工程)专业考试,应基础 考试合格,并具备下列条件之一:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCwgkEEIoWUSKqULtKTogxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满2年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满3年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAOI0iEaiwaw8agR3gvl5v"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满3年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满4年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqO6WIAMi24eU0sqtcd6D0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业 后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满4年;或取得含相近专业 在内的双学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满5年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGAyAKuKuIm2EvZ0cG881g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得通过本专业教育评估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计 从事道路工程专业设计工作满4年;或取得未通过本专业教育评 估的大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满 5年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkYCQ280SQKOAPXdc6j5wb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计 工作满6年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniSwwqSikUqsOgZAqhLUA9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从事道 路工程专业设计工作满8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiQq4wa6MUyysbY5SI7mlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.截止2014年12月31日前,符合下列条件之一者, 可免基础考试,只需参加专业考试:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0qQUcc04YoaqSoIIAdBoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)取得本专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满5年;或取得相近专业博士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满6年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8AcqKsCKcisy4T2FLot5bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)取得本专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满6年;或取得相近专业硕士学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设 计工作满7年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8G4k2WKMeIsWyQSOfgfWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)取得含本专业在内的双学士学位或本专业研究生班毕业 后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满7年;或取得相近专业双 学士学位或研究生班毕业后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满 8 年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWkUMWeaY4kYEwNituDvnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)取得本专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专 业设计工作满8年;或取得相近专业大学本科学历或学位后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作满9年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuuMgEsICEGWSWIR7N5fQH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)取得本专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计 工作满9年;或取得相近专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工 程专业设计工作满10年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gSwsSwUASUiMvk0eiExIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)取得其他工科专业大学本科及以上学历或学位后,累计从 事道路工程专业设计工作满12年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikkAK8iWigwSYJTDwcbc9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)取得其他工科专业大学专科学历后,累计从事道路工程专 业设计工作满15年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OAA486O0cyAeyByHVOIog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)取得本专业中专学历后,累计从事道路工程专业设计工作 满25年;或取得相近专业中专学历后,累计从事道路工程专业 设计工作满30年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0U0MWw4UkMK2BwdRL3vee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwCKgoyyCseUsPoN5vEffg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、注册:进入中国人事考试网,注册账号(已经有账号的可以直接登录,这一个步骤可以省略)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42augM4io0Ek48gKtCLsId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、登录:注册好了账号后之后,登录中国人事考试网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QUWEqycI8gwCosq68MRqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、上传照片:登录系统后,点击【注册照片维护】,进入照片上传界面,点击右侧的加载图像,选择要上传的照片,点击【缩小】、【放大】可以放大或缩小照片,移动照片可调整照片在选框中的范围,调到照片合适后,输入验证码,点击【上传】按钮,照片会显示在左侧的方框内,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaaC6amGoMI0i8xc8fwbWfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、选择专业:照片上传后,选择你要报考的专业,如您报考的注册岩土工程师,就选择注册岩土工程师,然后选择报考省份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWiqi4mkwCwAsg11qSuZYnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、填写报考信息:将您报考信息如实的填入信息栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAUgQS6IAe4C8pM35Yc11f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、照片审核:老考生提交报名信息之后需要考试管理机构对所上传的照片进行审核,审核通过后方可进行下一步操作,如果审核不通过可以点击流程图中的照片维护进行修改,修改后的照片需要考试管理机构重新审核。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsIeIEQSqCiYyUPXqbCW7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、报名信息确认:重要提示:报名信息一旦确认就不能更改,请考生仔细核对后再进行报名信息确认操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWc0QQGoyGoaIPwnoBe2Pb8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、网上缴费:有些省份,是通过网上缴费,按照缴费提醒进行缴费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCyKIUykSGUwWohLgc76qd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":955,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d21b6f58d8a4833ad784d3d5f364127","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcn6CO02SA84aQ2g7xqvDzyDb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCiakKAyC2IICmgsh6hAyFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq4Wk6EyEoe2eEBAgqBlwwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试分基础考试和专业考试两部分。基础考试合格方可报考专业考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCc68AIgG4Gq0CMNOFU0IBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础考试为客观题,在答题卡上作答。专业考试分为《专业知识考试》和《专业案例考试》两部分,其中《专业知识考试》为客观题,在答题卡上作答;《专业案例考试》采取主、客观相结合的考试方法,即:要求考生在填涂答题卡的同时,在答题纸上写出计算过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSGqcmKSmiekuKPmjl92Jpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试分4个半天进行,具体时间安排是:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8uuyO0igWwAgnTiVtafYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一天 08:00一11:00 《专业知识考试(上)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGEuw2iEmms8ymyrC1qGYBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"08:00一12:00 《基础考试(上)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqq2a4u8kOi8C8R20cfKdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14:00一17:00 《专业知识考试(下)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qiGMW884i8U2jvs3F3nxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14:00一18:00 《基础考试(下)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGo6osiowWeaMIVZMFTyCCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二天 08:00一11:00 《专业案例考试(上)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoaAQQCMO0SMgWAeZ5bbhVW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14:00一17:00 《专业案例考试(下)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgWAeowUyYwyisCrGIspbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《专业考试》为开卷考试,允许考生携带正规出版社出版的各种专业规范和参考书;《基础考试》为闭卷考试。考生应考试时,可携带计算器(无声、无存储编辑功能)、三角板、钢笔或圆珠笔(黑色或蓝色)、2B铅笔、橡皮。可以用试卷作草稿纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUmywsuK0qEOMQPUkPzQqfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试科目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWK6yIocWammCmluZmlIIob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注册土木工程师考试分为基础考试和专业考试。基础考试包括基础上和基础下两部分内容;专业考试包括专业知识和专业案例两个科目,专业知识分为专业知识上和专业知识下两部分内容,专业案例分为专业案例上和专业案例下两部分内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGMqG8iou0YiIoPLeIFyNQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础考试(上午段):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACEyUq4WOGOgRRBbmLzcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共基础:高等数学、普通物理 、普通化学 、理论力学 、材料力学、流体力学、建筑材料、电工学、工程经济、工程地质、土力与地基基础、弹性力学、结构力学与结构设计、工程测量、计算机与数值方法、建筑施工与管理、职业法规、水力学、岩土力学、水文学基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQImMUoWG0OKAR1nUoXKhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业考试科目(下午段):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoCMCAw8qgGCCUNSGQ7xrkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业课程:岩土工程勘察、浅基础、深基础、地基处理、土工建筑物、边坡、基坑与地下 工程、特殊条件下的岩土工程、地震工程、工程经济与管理 ,建筑材料、土质学与土力学、工程地质、工程勘测、结构设计原理、职业法规等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOmYmA60OQUIYfMGpMqCxh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3GyW2ykJnLKGacYeV1ZDLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般考试时间是10月份第三个周末,2019年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月19-20日,2020年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月17-18日,2021年注册土木工程师考试时间是10月23-24日。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnecasyuiSKYMAw3LcCQpVJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成绩查询","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06smuom8QwCWkRLeb7AIid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成绩查询和证书领取都是在中国人事网","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/index.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://cpta.mohrss.gov.cn/index.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",2020年注册土木工程师成绩查询时间为2021年01月25日。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsOaw0oqMAwk2eGjTSEWQTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":761,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"成绩查询","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca2e3d3c710847a680ae1977024bce72","width":1400},"text":"","id":"doxcnCYUkMwu4IWAk2tQDryCgDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQ8AsAIACKE6AVv0xtIEff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"参加基础或专业考试的人员必须在一个年度内通过全部科目。考试成绩在全国专业技术人员资格考试服务平台发布。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEki8YUCEa2ewaeBBmlA8Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试合格,颁发人力资源和社会保障部印制的,人力资源社会保障部、住房城乡建设部共同用印的《中华人民共和国注册土木工程师(岩土)资格证书》,在全国范围内有效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0a46iE0oSsseEXIK0BCNJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnukE0CouAUu644HeHsCqUvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIi8CqmKoK4IUhAjdGmQPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础考试可以一本辅导书为主,不要求每个章节都学习地很透彻,有所选择,但需要把历年真题熟练掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYai8KoaoGEwOwCOgtrZnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"专业考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6moCwc2U0emcZHaKbNUSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八字方针:有的放矢,题海有术!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kIwmQ6wUsWAiYmzi9dQLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出题趋势:基本原理,难度适中,计算量适当。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQMuCuqaQqkAO8vxE4S2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)加强对基础知识的掌握","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmy4QaoMscYQ6vBtv4vpuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"知识题覆盖面宽,又有一定深度,因此,对规范要理解,对规范中没有提及的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法,需要查阅土力学、基础工程等基础教材,熟练掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8K2Q8UOEMqQEmyPIyaeAte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)通读一本辅导书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwKo2cAiMQwyoygTpOJJFVF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过通读一遍辅导书,系统全面复习,取长补短,这对多选题的解答帮助很大,毕竟多选题通过随机猜答案得分的概率极低。在案例计算中,也可以对知识点有个系统的梳理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkimEKwyACq4yy0lw2M99Hc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熟悉规范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aOYIuOga8ugA5vVGTZwfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对重点规范尤其要熟悉,规范的条文在复习中都记住是很困难的,对于难以记住的内容,复习时应尽量熟悉,掌握相关条文、公式在哪个位置,以便在考场中速查。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSM6oUiQsEUgEUhWqLchWIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)真题学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiuweqMC4k88uiRUIk70Cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要将历年真题认真做一遍,对考过的内容应熟悉,尤其对基本原理和规范的条文出处。在做真题的时候,应抓住重点考点,强调做题速度。平时练习,应朝着“考试速度”努力!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSYKwuS8ywGYWgnHpKdiLvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重要知识点的常考题,应非常熟悉,做题速度快;重要知识点但不常考的题目,应跟着真题掌握,达到会做的水平;较难较偏较怪的知识点,主动放弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQW2AA4akYEmc0dA4SOUos"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复习备考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKWUQYCCwMuWeMmfibmD2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"土木工程师包括岩土、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程和道路工程,复习方法思路大同小异,现以最常用的岩土工程为例进行讲解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAG04YO26682MrdG5V0HFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6c8qA0CwqE0cEX9A6Pgund"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(如果是第一次考,可以先在网络上找一些历年真题,看看历年真题的大致出题情况,至少有一个感官认识。)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY82sKY0mqiI6qKrc2x9mZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先看《土力学》、《基础工程》课本(用时2个月),土力学或基础工程课本尽量选一本自己非常熟悉的,最好是本科时候上课用过的。在看土力学或基础工程课本的时候争取一遍就看透彻些,尽量理解,确实一时无法理解便做个记号,可以回头再看,一般来说,如果第一次接触土力学或基础工程,一遍是完全不够的,当然有基础的,一遍就明白了也大有人在。在看土力学或基础工程的时候,着重看以下几个方面:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcymMsWyk20ggFc2Sg2are"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、土的基本物理性质:各项物理指标概念,土的结构、土的工程分类,土的三相图及指标换算,岩土测试和试验。对于岩石,土力学课本讲的很少,岩石的一些基本概念,也可以参看《岩体力学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxc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象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏,有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种,不仅用具简单,趣味性强,而且还能锻炼人的记忆,培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念,所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择,那么如何学下象棋呢?
认识象棋
学下象棋,第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则,这是学下象棋的基础。
象棋组成
棋盘
象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点,这90个交点为可落子处。
一盘未开局的棋如下图所示
棋子
帅(将):帅(将)是棋中的首脑,是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动,可上可下,可左可右,每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面,否则走方判负。
仕(士):仕(士)是将(帅)的贴身保镖,它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。
相(象):相(象)的主要作用是防守,保护自己的帅(将)。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格,俗称“象飞田”。相(象)的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地,不能过河,且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子,就不能走,俗称“塞象眼”。
车:车在象棋中威力最大,无论横线、竖线均可行走,只要无子阻拦,步数不受限制。因此,一车可以控制十七个点,故有“一车十子寒”之称。
炮:炮在不吃子的时候,移动与车完全相同。当吃子时,己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子(无论对方或己方棋子),炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。
马:马走动的方法是一直一斜,即先横着或直着走一格,然后再斜着走一个对角线,俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点,故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住,马就无法走过去,俗称“蹩马腿”。
兵(卒):兵(卒)在未过河前,只能向前一步步走,过河以后,除不能后退外,允许左右移动,但也只能一次一步,即使这样,兵(卒)的威力也大大增强,故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。
象棋术语
1、九宫:俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。
2、将军:一方子力去杀对方将或帅,迫使对方应着。
3、当头炮:即将任意一炮平至中路,威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内,所以当头炮的控制威力很强,也叫中路炮。
4、屏风马:两马分立于九宫的两侧,形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。
5、单边马:一马守中卒而另一马跳边,有左、右单边马布局的差别。
6、双边马:俩马一个跳九路,一个跳一路。
7、士角炮:平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。
8、仙人指路:先行一方起着挺象肩兵(左右皆可),试探对方的应着,就像“投石问路”一样。
象棋规则
吃子
1、无论什么棋子,通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。
2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法,比较特殊,需要中间隔有旗子(无论是己方的还是对方的棋子)才能吃掉对方的棋子。
将死和困毙
1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将(帅),并在下一步要把它吃掉,称为照将,或简称将。照将不必声明。
2、被照将的一方必须立即应将,即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态(而不能应将不顾,而走其它的棋子)。
3、如果被照将而无法应将,就算被将死(一方胜棋)。
4、轮到走棋的一方,无子可走,就算被困毙(无棋可走这方为输棋)。
胜负判定
1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将),叫"将军”(check),若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱,也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将),则为“将死”(checkmate),吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。
2、如果轮到一方走,此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子,另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将),则也判这方负。
3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子,那么也判这方负。
4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时,判和。
行棋规则
对局时,由执红棋的一方先走,双方轮流各走一着(双方各走一着,称为一个回合),直至分出胜、负、和,对局即算终了。
基本杀法
对面笑
对面笑的意思就是说,下棋时,乙方占据了九宫,九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护,这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则,来控制中路,再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。
双车挫
“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”,知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用,迅猛无比。如果有士保护,则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军,因此双车不能在一条直线上。
三车闹士
“双车挫”的用法,在整个棋局面临残局的时候,乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫,这时候如果攻击对方的中士,又以双车相配合,其攻击力量相当于三个车,故名三车闹士。
海底捞月
在无法攻破对方正面防御时,借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力,把子力运动到底线,在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法,称为“海底捞月”,也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”,是车、炮胜单车的杀法。
在车、炮胜单车的残局中,车炮一方通常要占据中路,再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走,而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。
夹车炮
双炮和车集中于一侧,用车和双炮交替将军,其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解,关键是有的时候车炮不在—侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。
大胆穿心
又称大刀剜心,就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士,逼对方用底士去吃车,从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将,则同样可将死。
铁门闩
利用中炮的威力控制中路,再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线,攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力,也可破敌,称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。
千里照面
利用中炮和双车的威力,在有底士的一侧要杀,再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法,但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用,因为黑方可献中炮解杀。
双车肋士
一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后,弃车强行构成杀局,在实战对局中较为常见。
炮辗丹砂
以车炮侵入对方底线,借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力,从而将死对方,这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法,俗称“打剥皮”。
闷杀
一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结,自阻将(帅)的活动范围,用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位,习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。
重炮
重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上,一炮充当炮架,另一炮将军,或前炮将军后炮控制,将对方杀死。俗语说:重炮无垫子,就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。
前面所讲的夹车炮杀法,双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死,而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。
天地炮
天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路,一炮沉在底线,使对方的防守力量都被牵制住,然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见,也是威力最大的杀法之一,包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。
双将
双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来,同时从两个方向照将,从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种,初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻,经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势,就可以防止被双杀,同时还可以此双杀对手。
二鬼拍门
二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道,然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法,也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称,故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。
送佛归殿
送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军,把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”,但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。
三子归边
集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死,称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见,威力也最大。
马后炮
马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围,再以马为炮架,用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。
双马饮泉
双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门,另一马卧槽,然后双马互借威力,盘旋攻击而获胜的方法,也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。
挂角马
挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动,然后用马在士角位置将军,使对方将(帅)不安于位,然后运用其他子力把对方将死。
双车错杀
双车错杀的意思就是说,当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候,我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法,造成“双车错”的杀势。
卧槽马杀
所谓的“卧槽马杀”,就是将棋盘上的马跳到对方棋局下的下二路横线,在三、七路的竖线交叉的那个点上,将军,这时如有车、炮或其它棋子配合,可成卧槽马杀势。
挂角马杀
在下象棋的过程中,利用炮或者车或者帅镇中的力量,用它们来牵制对方棋局中的中士的活动,削弱其防御作用,然后用马到对方士角挂角将军,把对方将死的杀法,称挂角马杀。
八角马杀
马与对方的将、帅成田字对角的位置,把对方将帅困住,这样的马叫“八角马”。这时如有车、兵或其他棋子从纵向或横向照将,可成杀势。
先学残局
残局是决定胜负的最后阶段,学会残局就会懂得哪种局势可以取胜,怎样胜法。哪种局势可以成和,怎样和法。就不致于在可胜的局势下,错过取胜的机会,而遇到自己处于劣势时,运用技巧,创造条件达到求和目的。残局棋子较少,可动的棋子选择性不大,有时要动的棋子甚至带有强迫性。对初学者来说,就更容易集中精力去思考。初学者下棋一般没有什么计划,更谈不上战略战术,只是走到哪里算哪里,到了残局阶段,意味着一盘棋马上就要结束了。这个阶段决定一盘棋的胜负,往往都有一定的基本杀法。这对于初学者来说比较容易掌握。
学习基本杀法
最基本的杀法只有大概20多种。比如马后炮、双车错、钓鱼马、大刀剜心等。这是为了告诉你走到什么样就能杀死对方。学好了基本杀法,运用熟练,对残局和中局都很有帮助。
学习残局基本结论
学习的时候一定要明白哪些残局的结果是什么。哪些残局是必胜的,哪些残局是必和的,哪些一般是必胜,但有巧和的,哪些一般是和棋,但有巧胜手段的。除了知道这些结论还要知道怎么走,才能取胜,或者和棋。
学会运子
这个主要针对的是中残局过渡阶段。比如拿到一个残局,知道如何把自己没有过河的兵,通过子力的配合运过河。充分深入的了解马炮怎样配合,大子和兵卒怎样配合。这一点学好了,你就成为高手了。你会感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱点,怎样防守最强硬,怎样针对对方的问题进行攻击。当然,这需要很长的路,下好多年棋,经常总结才能有进步。研究棋谱的话,最好在有一定基础之后再看。一些江湖残局适合玩乐,真的学习的话还要进行归类总结, 这样才能进步更快。
布局常识
布局三原则
1、有利于进攻
2、有利于防守
3、有利于大子出动
在布局阶段,行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条,即为可行之着,如能符合两条或三条,则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则,就是坏棋,应给予摒弃。
布局三禁忌
车迟开
在象棋的子力中,车的威力最大,有“一车士子寒”之说,作为主力军,应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动,则对局势不利。
马躁进
马虽八面威风,但也有致命弱点,在布局阶段,由于子力较多,马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合,而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”,则易为对方所算。
炮轻发
炮具备远程战斗力,如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出,则减弱控制效果,貌进实退,反不及遥控威慑效率高。
步数的计算
在布局阶段,如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉,则会在步数上有所亏欠,对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响,因此要加以避免。
中局战略
抽吃战术
抽吃:走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将,不得不放弃被抽的棋子,蒙受子力损失,这种战术手段叫抽吃。
顿挫战术
走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地,而是先运到另外一个位置,待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后,再将其运至目的地的手段,称之为顿挫战术。
拦截战术
拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段,扰乱对方防卫;或在防守时,以运子等于段,切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。
牵制战术
通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段,称之为牵制战术。
闪击战术
所谓闪击就是,处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子,后方棋子得以攻击对手。
串打战术
串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力,牵制对方两到三个子,再调动其他子发动谋子攻击,对方往往很难避免失子。
捉双战术
捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段,它包括一子同时攻击对方两子,两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显,等对方发现被捉双,要想不失子已经晚矣。
运子取势战术
一方运用各种子力夺取主动而占得先手或优势,进而为谋子或制胜创造条件。在中局基本战术中称为“运子取势”。
兑子抢先战术
“兑子抢先”,一般指通过相等子力的交换来实现先后手的转换和形势优劣的转化等,通常包括交换谋子、兑子捉双、交换赚象、一车搏双(马炮或双马或双炮)等手段。
先弃后取战术
在对局中有计划地舍弃一子后,通过战术手段,或夺回一子、或取得攻势,以得到补偿,称为“先弃后取”,是中局阶段基本战术之一。
弃子攻杀战术
弃子攻杀,是在“宁失一子、不失一先”的战略思想指导下以子力换取先手攻势的一种战术。
规则战术
在实战中有意识地走成循环着法以得到于己有利的裁决手段,称之为规则战术。
残局战略
就全局而论,布局属于战略性的,残局属于战术性的。与中局不同的是,进入残局很难速战速胜,所以必须有个总的方针指导战术。
优则图胜、劣则谋和
“优则图胜,劣则谋和”,在以全部子力投入规模较大,变化较多,斗争较激烈的中局中,遂然作出这样的决定是缺乏结束战斗的现实意义的。到中残交界由之而进入残局的阶段,子力既较少,例胜例和的定式又将依次出现,战斗的性质已临近结束阶段,“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的战略决定,不但成为可能的,而且成为迫切需要的了。所以方针上决定了“优则图胜”,需要攻不忘守,戒骄戒躁,稳步巩固优势;决定了“劣则谋和”,又应不屈不怯,奋力争取上游。
均势不败,创造战机。
战略方针是依据实际形势而决定的。事实上优势可能变为劣势,那就要从图胜转为谋和;劣势可能变为优势,那就要从谋和转为图胜;均势可能失掉平衡,那又要转到“优则图胜,劣则谋和”的方针上来。总之,形势变,方针也要变,这叫做战略转换(临局去执行“优则图胜”的方针时,往往形势已走向不利了,仍然要坚持既定的方针,知进而不知退,以致遭到反击,胜负易位的情况是不少见的)。正因为形势有随时转变的可能,特别在双士(仕)、象(相)残缺,将(帅)位置不很正常,兵(卒)肩负了影响战斗的巨大任务,成为互相纠缠的局面之下,歧路较多,操算不易,一着或失,面目全非。均势中创造战机,切记要立足于不败之地,因势利用、谨慎从事。这是在掌握战略上必须有的警觉和修养。
好的对战心态
保持必胜气势
天下没有一定赢的棋,只有一定能赢的气魄和心态!为了胜利,就要下出必胜的气势,视野要开阔,计划要周密,行棋要果断,不要一味地惦记着眼前的得失,要机动、灵活、变通。
修身养性,切忌浮躁
有的棋手实战时一盘棋下得顺风顺水,便觉得局面都已占优,这时便愉快地哼着小曲、左顾右盼,在你注意力不集中的情况下,不是失去取胜良机就是出现昏招,形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”,但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心,于是连下连败以致一败涂地。
具备谋略心机
谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略,也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。
1、真正的进攻就要有收获,就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展,这叫做攻有所获。
2、单纯的防守不好,具有反击的防守才真正具有威力,这叫做守中有攻。
3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手,敢于搏杀,这叫做勇者无畏。
4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候,选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候,选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理,这叫做利害选择。
5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路,熟练地运用各种技战术,使局面朝理想方向发展,这叫做捕捉战机。
6、中局作战过程中,要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识,该攻则攻 ,当守则守,进攻的线路,防守的要点,都在审局度势的范围之中。
7、多算胜,少算不胜。
8、善弈者攻心为上,攻城为下,心战为上,兵战为下。
9、以正合,以奇胜。
10、棋虽小道,棋品最尊。
11、棋品如人品,人品有高低之分,棋品有深浅之说。
12、胜固可喜,败亦欣然。不怕输棋,就怕不敢下,不怕被打倒,就怕起不来。
用心专注
失去注意力,这不是一个战术或者战略错误,而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于,一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注,并且在必要时,他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题,下棋时候慢一些,多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。
时刻关注自己将帅的安全!
初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击,经常忘记了自己将帅的安全,从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住,在开始任何攻击之前,你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住,对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考,积极探究双方可能的计划。
不为外界干扰所动
象棋是个技艺的游戏,但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力,手段方法数不胜数。
避免受影响的方法是:
1、专注于棋盘,而不是对手本人。
2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。
3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为,要冷静思考应对。
入门必备书籍
1、《象棋入门》,金盾出版社。推荐指数:强烈推荐。
2、《自出洞来无敌手》,推荐指数:强烈推荐。
3、《象棋指归》,贾题韬著。高屋建瓴,文字优美。
4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏,有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种,不仅用具简单,趣味性强,而且还能锻炼人的记忆,培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念,所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择,那么如何学下象棋呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw6GyQSUkiUK2fQGyCLfHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMm8QqUqwMYSCIK2wCNBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学下象棋,第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则,这是学下象棋的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI08WC0IkQ02kh6byCzAxR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug2COggQAmQIENoXhOKJUg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKIkG26EsUeuuAuC2N86bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点,这90个交点为可落子处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuWIQeUEEQK2mkkZrzGnfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dfd861f74be47478c2aa05b139fffbd","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcnAiqG6oIei6yQOCm7VsJiYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUwIKcUGqEIEVqqZwogff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盘未开局的棋如下图所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScaIUYwc2WeQQzgmG0DqEf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e388de8af0a34e26a7fa287bee0a68e4","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QCKOuWaCEk8IxTRxrIGDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusqUmkyGQQOWWCgMINma1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帅(将):帅(将)是棋中的首脑,是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动,可上可下,可左可右,每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面,否则走方判负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG0sGOi2M2sSvFaeUJf0Bk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕(士):仕(士)是将(帅)的贴身保镖,它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq86smoeqUqieIzKojBTZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相(象):相(象)的主要作用是防守,保护自己的帅(将)。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格,俗称“象飞田”。相(象)的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地,不能过河,且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子,就不能走,俗称“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMI80Uw64kkMaUlEDQeXuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"车:车在象棋中威力最大,无论横线、竖线均可行走,只要无子阻拦,步数不受限制。因此,一车可以控制十七个点,故有“一车十子寒”之称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYACCwsiKegk9Wc0lI7YeR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮:炮在不吃子的时候,移动与车完全相同。当吃子时,己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子(无论对方或己方棋子),炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoqS2yo8YEUyYR7T5v6eGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马:马走动的方法是一直一斜,即先横着或直着走一格,然后再斜着走一个对角线,俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点,故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住,马就无法走过去,俗称“蹩马腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmIy2S0koOKwBAvtCZpOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵(卒):兵(卒)在未过河前,只能向前一步步走,过河以后,除不能后退外,允许左右移动,但也只能一次一步,即使这样,兵(卒)的威力也大大增强,故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qMCGY4ewYYg4sw1YW6Gvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cd2917422344c2999808581b5a837d7","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIEa0Cy6aAwYk5A1AmYZGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiyyoO6mMoAIaH3fw5646E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宫:俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSQwe4keYgIiSWn17SSUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将军:一方子力去杀对方将或帅,迫使对方应着。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMygICSK2ukISqtVFphBrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、当头炮:即将任意一炮平至中路,威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内,所以当头炮的控制威力很强,也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iiUKs8ysUsOSM3nyChVcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏风马:两马分立于九宫的两侧,形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuu8oQASyqmasaNCD1TsoYt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、单边马:一马守中卒而另一马跳边,有左、右单边马布局的差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUS6giCqmWMwW4cHRkNdQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、双边马:俩马一个跳九路,一个跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEEoqwS4sg2suKZbUGTHgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮:平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQA6a6OCCgK8fLzqyhZNH9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路:先行一方起着挺象肩兵(左右皆可),试探对方的应着,就像“投石问路”一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0E8oUSuyIc62m0b6cWIGpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74ade0935ed44c4b90b32bdc89a1e480","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn02s2G2K4Um6qKw88KeHPnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oIuQygAuCMGuOR4CjXTbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0MISuCiyMw4QhXctjoPLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、无论什么棋子,通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoUsACKESq6OSAACt9Izth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法,比较特殊,需要中间隔有旗子(无论是己方的还是对方的棋子)才能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmYUIo6iCkQUSOxDMefXAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dee0062ef7e48d08a812cb66fe98336","width":384},"text":"","id":"doxcnkqouiUOQcAIuAJcGBUv7rc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8M2gOwMku62Ok53WMyRdwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将(帅),并在下一步要把它吃掉,称为照将,或简称将。照将不必声明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEM2k86E0gScWwjbjG1L5xh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、被照将的一方必须立即应将,即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态(而不能应将不顾,而走其它的棋子)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WiwguO8uQIWQNDxSS4dDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果被照将而无法应将,就算被将死(一方胜棋)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsO4ag8OQ6QW86aHwrQ5yzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、轮到走棋的一方,无子可走,就算被困毙(无棋可走这方为输棋)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQggOYOcYaKug19thPLBEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39cc9d85211d42b5a11c4677856e29a8","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcnEqOecWOqG2KEYH88fDoTpg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiAwssoKOKSQUhhDmx5uSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将),叫"将军”(check),若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱,也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将),则为“将死”(checkmate),吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28Sq4KSAsK8eoLvF0RCMkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果轮到一方走,此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子,另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将),则也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMScM4AkKE8kgR2jEsgv0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子,那么也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqMiAmw28YMC2Rs74IqBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时,判和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngg0cgQE8aKqQiokYdEHbyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0c08f6864bd47e19715528a616b557d","width":1021},"text":"","id":"doxcns4WsWCWqI8oA442w8QFdNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqk0CqQ2ew0CGdTAkvTyVGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对局时,由执红棋的一方先走,双方轮流各走一着(双方各走一着,称为一个回合),直至分出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"胜、负、和,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对局即算终了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwGu26MaaeEeEnntkGjPAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40f083edd8314437b55a37a7dfdee797","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnMoCgwiSeMq22snIwPR1Mhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本杀法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgsEI4wqSswm2J2a04G1zc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CmAawUy6SY266QUo3BHqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑的意思就是说,下棋时,乙方占据了九宫,九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护,这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则,来控制中路,再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s0oOy2EU0EQQtHluW4VSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f64b826780da45ca9eb9a9bfaacd0f3f","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQGqmwYMOmkyYlBBAKa0ee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uKE4Cc4gGK8aEnBWkGfOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”,知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用,迅猛无比。如果有士保护,则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军,因此双车不能在一条直线上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkAuS2GYE2QuY5cc5UEqfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d60926d6ec2f4ebcb21cf0165f4214bb","width":232},"text":"","id":"doxcnmiAIeSgSaMQUOYF7xt0Aof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEiMsGwmCmk6mOTc89TA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”的用法,在整个棋局面临残局的时候,乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫,这时候如果攻击对方的中士,又以双车相配合,其攻击力量相当于三个车,故名三车闹士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkceumsioQ6QSm62c1BMDCf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9284924a094c47b6b9c9eb648ccafd62","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn822uKO4eAOCoQvOuy7ylph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcA0Wmio24I4CkG9maZwSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在无法攻破对方正面防御时,借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力,把子力运动到底线,在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法,称为“海底捞月”,也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”,是车、炮胜单车的杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIMa4Mu0CMUKGhSouCa2kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在车、炮胜单车的残局中,车炮一方通常要占据中路,再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走,而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMKWOeoEM4GisXkW72eEye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c27433b275bb4bb3a14216b99ec66d16","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcn4woacqEgC6Ii4HgGnNe3Kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOuEyAAwO6KykJT3F3AX0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双炮和车集中于一侧,用车和双炮交替将军,其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解,关键是有的时候车炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCcm8E6QWkQQQrGujOcr0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3f39193831d4674b8fa7db4db9754fa","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IIgmoGuc6g0wZD18LcLPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uKSCcC2seKSisLa4naWae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又称大刀剜心,就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士,逼对方用底士去吃车,从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将,则同样可将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGYmCi6iwgmYJxthFNMTg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd9ffcf555fe4eeca708f3816b049dc8","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgys0CUWWYCoUXvtephYdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuAScmKSiicOC80OyNF0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路,再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线,攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力,也可破敌,称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmySQaSUcGIUc7Xp2Mhapd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72ea52a0ae244572941b03e2cb9990bb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOCG0weEeGiY6HKoIqPZ4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKYQmauCeIkOaIhRgdT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和双车的威力,在有底士的一侧要杀,再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法,但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用,因为黑方可献中炮解杀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOqcKaGAiaGaqAxYxPcMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/597bc561860449099e68ce796e3b4322","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmkgqMMwuqs6YtpFR40MWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMS6ueiOO2wWCIZTWCt1Yoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后,弃车强行构成杀局,在实战对局中较","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为常见","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqGeeQgOU48W4u85gUVP4K"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6aa7137c9834fbfaedf6bb629cf683c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0w60428uSoKqYDok0a09f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisyewWSIEOSgmOfky9S6Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以车炮侵入对方底线,借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力,从而将死对方,这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法,俗称“打剥皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIK2ea62WQCWUzDFWbwUXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/144da202e6f248e586bd809ddbd34ac3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6M2qEYc0QSOc9ezDp8jBwA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW0ycsyEiSMIecgh9Wc7zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结,自阻将(帅)的活动范围,用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位,习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyIOea68Ew8cbgrxp2aMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d4fc483a3fa465f9073cbb4647a1ca9","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnoWusyuKSEQ4C2ZkDywXg9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKaUUmoIs0CiW6FtwAbftzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上,一炮充当炮架,另一炮将军,或前炮将军后炮控制,将对方杀死。俗语说:重炮无垫子,就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOYskaAyIgK8OCArlTeIlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面所讲的夹车炮杀法,双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死,而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MuI2YkCS4I060AghdRLjb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8922c79abf634f8db9e00b640eba34b4","width":936},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0qyQWAy2wOoovfabNQfqc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sYWcY2UYwEkijSa8AN9Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路,一炮沉在底线,使对方的防守力量都被牵制住,然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见,也是威力最大的杀法之一,包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoq6QoAyM6CKY82ooIIH0zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":847,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c80e5c00bc4e413cb4314fdb0f808a3f","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnOYseWsegiwc2C4msLFFm0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6swgCeo2myUW8rpPJzqIuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来,同时从两个方向照将,从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种,初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻,经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势,就可以防止被双杀,同时还可以此双杀对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO22SoqI26Iw0UT6ch80wSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b170c9dd4644e54a4519a0196ce38db","width":878},"text":"","id":"doxcnyaK4Gm2i6Gye8PdFUDqC5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEEE2mG6keKecrot8gcykKG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道,然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法,也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称,故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKcu88csW0GO6sG9CHOaLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cde02373da874ced82ea506c84b60ce2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6QIw2CqYC864pBZocwYuE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgSAWuiem4KeQzqJcaT7Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军,把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”,但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui40M2ikmW04QRT7tuUQ3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb9adccc087c475b8a8152d304f7a981","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcn42YYmA6iuu202DLnX39D9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQmyWUQKa06KFsWpByIFDO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死,称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见,威力也最大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40kq064UMQUuMjRVquPmme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3beccf4ae23c4ba196c1ab89ec976127","width":876},"text":"","id":"doxcn4MUuGo4C6CQMIh0ud2LNub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUIeaummuuEEQvI9zEBhcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围,再以马为炮架,用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6Q8Yua6ieKGwd2b3WTh5k"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8afdf8e77af4eee9c4a2497c217e447","width":885},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8AGCEwSycaE4CsPbno0RD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcc2KiUuGeiwugqvl5xs9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门,另一马卧槽,然后双马互借威力,盘旋攻击而获胜的方法,也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoYC2OWA2UMY8QWU6hNqac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a08f84a098647fbb33655037a36c818","width":517},"text":"","id":"doxcnawMAkQeQmuUw89plSEFelf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUwUGwwO4wKKQLKQpiEbme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动,然后用马在士角位置将军,使对方将(帅)不安于位,然后运用其他子力把对方将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESmec4uGoag8KSdVEhK9Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d86168c7ceb42ecbfac734267fc0de7","width":877},"text":"","id":"doxcncQ6mkYGEiwQYgkUwGmcztb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquo4suw2uCIyGiNuwz12vb"},{"type":"paragraph","ch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这样才能进步更快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO2eKoawwuASyKqLH3Hxdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会运子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b600792a814445128728182e2db7f34c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOSsUGgmacuk21xemhyfYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YoAgQcoYUe44rA6tKRzWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWA8Ycy4eSyWmiYBjCgeizc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、有利于进攻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cYwe0oqCaSKuQKyUbanjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有利于防守","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa084skkCYg2gBtG1JO5k3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有利于大子出动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWWkUMQymEQ6eKTWneuRZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段,行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条,即为可行之着,如能符合两条或三条,则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则,就是坏棋,应给予摒弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuCIo0WeUs4qywrXkSVuyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMQckWcyge0IyIbzitCFve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"车迟开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkUmMQIiqaMqQbWGcc6jae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在象棋的子力中,车的威力最大,有“一车士子寒”之说,作为主力军,应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动,则对局势不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyeII68quMmMmQ2c7EuvNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马躁进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIkyimuUwyuU4ENc5R7Qbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马虽八面威风,但也有致命弱点,在布局阶段,由于子力较多,马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合,而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”,则易为对方所算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6I2uwcmos2e8jllSOajLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮轻发","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccK806akMoQuG57tfzkQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮具备远程战斗力,如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出,则减弱控制效果,貌进实退,反不及遥控威慑效率高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWMAaE6Q2gGqQHEYE5RnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncw4SUMkokumIa8eT4UH0eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段,如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉,则会在步数上有所亏欠,对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响,因此要加以避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gGs0OWoUWQoUdUP9OdpMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a8e33a067244d4cae7cad7befdef70e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sKmKSsAiy0mQxny9ksbOg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局战略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSuGCekE2WSaSssy9ZKQ7u"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCcoQImEuOEwgX2KDQFxob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃:走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将,不得不放弃被抽的棋子,蒙受子力损失,这种战术手段叫抽吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUQsuuKIsimU4kRvtzx4Qb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顿挫战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAusKsAyIEMuiK4jHRkDGwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地,而是先运到另外一个位置,待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后,再将其运至目的地的手段,称之为顿挫战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUww606A02ks0s89FnbX6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6yuw6Ws6QQ6QtnbB53L5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段,扰乱对方防卫;或在防守时,以运子等于段,切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mWSMQEuUWeIYZJfYT3Wke"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"牵制战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6owyWiMCmawwtGYtVexTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段,称之为牵制战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImYCsWUa6gmUmelYFlXRRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闪击战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYieoQsc4WCUwqqwdGkmtag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓闪击就是,处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子,后方棋子得以攻击对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oIImy0MWOIcGKm9I1GVjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn820q6uGemSWuw3N9ZekFsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力,牵制对方两到三个子,再调动其他子发动谋子攻击,对方往往很难避免失子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE42omwqou4GG2Vku3292Wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaGG4GuWWGkkweW9Wfwb5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段,它包括一子同时攻击对方两子,两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显,等对方发现被捉双,要想不失子已经晚矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i0Sm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","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYoci2yeG66YKyzs1XVBze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略,也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEwo868QIMKqGKYir9bILh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的进攻就要有收获,就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展,这叫做攻有所获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8oYy0KiwoQsKybXkjLAVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、单纯的防守不好,具有反击的防守才真正具有威力,这叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Swkgo8aMI8iaih5chojgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手,敢于搏杀,这叫做勇者无畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqC4QuaCk4g8MgnR52KuB8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候,选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候,选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理,这叫做利害选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguwqwMisqa66CxgvkAcu6B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路,熟练地运用各种技战术,使局面朝理想方向发展,这叫做捕捉战机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6A6i0ggoQ4YmqnXSdxj5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作战过程中,要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识,该攻则攻 ,当守则守,进攻的线路,防守的要点,都在审局度势的范围之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiecymq62SecG4YLvGYGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算胜,少算不胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqk4SCuqkii48TBGzS1eZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心为上,攻城为下,心战为上,兵战为下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0mWaMI4E8wI22YAFsWdKA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合,以奇胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwSc68EuscKc2f3PuBj0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋虽小道,棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSe64AGwq6MbfzdHY5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品,人品有高低之分,棋品有深浅之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMyaAGu8gmMExlZl46x7C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、胜固可喜,败亦欣然。不怕输棋,就怕不敢下,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒,就怕起不来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqUuI0agCiGYkJV3pEqdTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf31d79c29224c96842f2cb736f717ad","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQqAi0mWq6eme5pDIxHAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心专注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy6AOcGaQWSeWsJBCGzwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 失去注意力,这不是一个战术或者战略错误,而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于,一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注,并且在必要时,他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题,下棋时候慢一些,多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yE8yKIi2gk4zkY8mzZlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0g8kAUCAmsAOaYOOkrJWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击,经常忘记了自己将帅的安全,从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住,在开始任何攻击之前,你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住,对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考,积极探究双方可能的计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4aYWyWIQMe2klLd73uXvh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全!","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7f2965dd6648688124fd7695abd976","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnWMkkwYocACu0gx2eLuP4dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwUQaKg0koGaCGlbCEEhNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOi82oMs8KUQoXz7crDiie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是个技艺的游戏,但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力,手段方法数不胜数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOEmIQ6Gw44CYfoIoNpJJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影响的方法是:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ygWkK0wACQSQtZnt848ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专注于棋盘,而不是对手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02YOwEw48K8lUApsAVgML"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWkqeoye8uS2k5ogACsKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为,要冷静思考应对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUE2UuuAYQca6xNHs2Pkjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5d74c7015064a2fbe3614300a13f5f1","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnkw6MAOkw2GecqQLIgeEqqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyUGECsYYImyqId71uxBgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入门》,金盾出版社。推荐指数:强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSi0YIk4I6G28N2XuQlC5m3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15ea266394924f2d82ecc676a9078be1","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoCSgUy8kwEOCWYGvMca1y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞来无敌手》,推荐指数:强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8YcmoOGOKkIv8xRWoakjS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68764a292c5d4595961ead4fc7cb56ca","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcngGug0CqQyuk24QmhydNqfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《象棋指归》,贾题韬著。高屋建瓴,文字优美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWamguIEKgWymCzhqkVW5R2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6ab896b096454f95735746ee919d77","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnCYOSUoEcIyuWyGotQEIPlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAI4gUUWWIQQWItDrNWIPpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem8KaWuG4um4dlYl8tXDAH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c6801a0934041ed8d2724951d11c0b1","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCWmAo4IQkwASKPH7eYVue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsOOQCU86IkOO4ur3ZWibh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2cQgq8uQkQ2QTG8dhypWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k2QeECwciuuYwH80MOcEE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OM4woImcIooSIIRDCu1Rc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
1、new campus
2、new school district
3、de Havilland Campus
说明:new campus 最常用,最规范。
打开摄像头电源对准自家Wf二维码扫一下听到声响就连了,然后在手机下载一款aPP手机验证登录后就可观看了